Bibliography

Harvard Referencing: Guide

Harvard is a style of referencing to cite information sources:

Two types of citations are included:

In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source. They are located in the body of the work and contain a fragment of the fullcitation. Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:

"After that I lived like a young rajah in all the captials of Europe..." (Fitzgerald, 2004)

Reference lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the assignment. Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:

Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The great Gatsby. New York: Scribner

Harvard Reference List Overview

Refernce lists are created to allow readers to locate original sources themselves. Each citation in a reference list includes various pieces of information including the:

Name of the author(s)
Year published
Title
City published
Publiser
Pages used

Generally, Harvard Reference List citations follow this format:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s)

Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name

TIP: You may also wish to categorise your reference lists, so that the reader can distinguish between TYPES of reference (e.g. websites, books, journals, videos etc)

Harvard Reference List Citations for Books

The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books with one author includes the following:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page(s).

Example: One author AND first edition:

Patterson, J. (2005). Maximum ride. New York: Little, Brown.

Example: One author AND NOT the first edition

Dahl, R. (2004). Charlie and the chocolate factory. 6th ed. New York: Knopf.

When creating a citation that has more than one author, place the names in the order in which they appear on the source. Use the word “and” to separate the names.

Last name, First initial. and Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).

Example:

Desikan, S. and Ramesh, G. (2006). Software testing. Bangalore, India: Dorling Kindersley, p.156.
Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell, J. and Frydenberg, M. (2014). Discovering computers. Boston: Cengage Learning, pp.446-448.
Daniels, K., Patterson, G. and Dunston, Y. (2014). The ultimate student teaching guide. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, pp.145-151.

Harvard Reference List Citations for Journal Articles

The standard structure of a print journal citation includes the following components:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).

Examples:

Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp. 269-290.
Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. (2015). The Impact of Cognitive, Social and Physical Limitations on Income in Community Dwelling Adults With Chronic Medical and Mental Disorders. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), pp. 183-195.

When citing journal articles found on a database or through a website, include all of the components found in a citation of a print journal, but also include the medium ([online]), the website URL, and the date that the article was accessed.

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal, [online] Volume(Issue), pages. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

Example:

Raina, S. (2015). Establishing Correlation Between Genetics and Nonresponse. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, [online] Volume 61(2), p. 148. Available at: http://www.proquest.com/products-services/ProQuest-Research-Library.html [Accessed 8 Apr. 2015].

Harvard Reference List Citations for Websites

When citing a website, use the following structure:

Last name, First initial (Year published). Page title. [online] Website name. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

When no author is listed, use the following structure:

Website name, (Year published). Page title. [online] Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

Example:

Messer, L. (2015). 'Fancy Nancy' Optioned by Disney Junior. [online] ABC News. Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/fancy-nancy-optioned-disney-junior-2017/story?id=29942496#.VRWbWJwmbs0.twitter [Accessed 31 Mar. 2015].
Mms.com, (2015). M&M'S Official Website. [online] Available at: http://www.mms.com/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015].

Harvard Reference List Citations for DVD, Video and Film

When citing a DVD, Video, or Film, use the following format:

Film title. (Year published). [Format] Place of origin: Film maker.

**The place of origin refers to the place where the dvd, film, or video was made. Eg: Hollywood

**The film maker can be the director, studio, or main producer.

Example:

Girls Just Want To Have Fun. (1985). [film] Chicago: Alan Metter.

Harvard Reference List Citations for eBooks and PDFs

When citing eBooks and PDFs, include the edition, even if it’s the first edition, and follow it with the type of resource in brackets (either [ebook] or [pdf]). Include the url at the end of the citation with the date it was accessed in brackets.

Use the following structure:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. [format] City: Publisher, page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

Example:

Zusack, M. (2015). The Book Thief. 1st ed. [ebook] New York: Knopf. Available at: http://ebooks.nypl.org/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015].
Robin, J. (2014). A handbook for professional learning: research, resources, and strategies for implementation. 1st ed. [pdf] New York: NYC Department of Education. Available at http://schools.nyc.gov/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015].

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