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Coffee leaf rust resistance: An overview
Guerra-Guimarães L, Diniz I, Azinheira HG, Loureiro A, Pereira AP, Tavares S, Batista D, Várzea V, Silva MC (2023) Coffee leaf rust resistance: an overview. In: Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Coffee Leaf Rust -Protocols. Open access book. Ingelbrecht I, Silva MC, Jankowicz-Cieslak J Editors, Springer (in press)
The story of coffee: legend and truth
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2023.02.012
When we think about coffee, exotic tropical countries such as Colombia, Brazil, and Ethiopia first come to mind. However, the crucial contribution of Portugal and its scientists to each cup of coffee we drink remains either poorly known or overlooked.
Identification of HIR, EDS1, and PAD4 Genes Reveals Differences between Coffea Species That May Impact Disease Resistance
Agronomy 2023, 13, 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13040992
Coffee, a widely consumed important agricultural product, is mainly produced from two species, Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and C. canephora (Robusta coffee). Timor Hybrid (HDT) is a population resulting from a natural cross between C. arabica and C. canephora. HDT derivatives have a high spectrum of resistance to different races of Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), the causal agent of coffee leaf rust. A RNAseq database, obtained from HDT832/2 leaves inoculated with Hv (Host Resistance) and Uromyces vignae (Uv, Nonhost Resistance), showed the presence of genes implicated in the hypersensitive response and salicylic acid pathway. Hypersensitive Induced Reaction (HIR) gene family, Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 gene (EDS1), and Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) gene are involved in host and nonhost resistance. Relative expression calculated by RT-qPCR was used to confirm and expand the transcriptome analysis. HDTHIR4, HDTEDS1, and HDTPAD4 showed the highest upregulation in response to Hv and Uv inoculation, confirming a similar trend in host and nonhost resistance in HDT. HIR and EDS1/PAD4 gene families were characterized for the first time in the three available Coffea genomes. HIR genes were quite conserved between Coffea species. Surprisingly, EDS1 and PAD4 genes revealed major differences in gene structure. The PAD4 predicted protein from C. arabica does not include both conserved domains of the EDS1/PAD4 family, and the EDS1 putative protein from C. canephora includes a formin domain unusual in the same protein family. The variability shown by EDS1/PAD4 gene family may impact the disease resistance response of Coffea species, which can be surveyed for the gene sequences that will produce a more resistant phenotype.
Agronomy 2022, 12(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020326
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. It is also one of the most globally traded commodities. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is the most important disease affecting Arabica coffee growing worldwide, leading to significant yield losses if no control measures are applied. A deep understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in coffee-H. vastatrix interactions, such as the pathogen variability and the mechanisms governing plant resistance and susceptibility, is required to breed efficiently for durable resistance and design new approaches for crop protection. Here we summarize our current understanding across multiple areas related to pathogen infection, variability and candidate effectors, breeding for disease resistance, and the various components of the coffee immune system, by reviewing a comprehensive body of research on CLR and the advances recently made. We also update information about the defense responses activated by the application of plant resistance inducers, a promising alternative to fungicides in the control of CLR. Moreover, we identify and discuss future directions for further research
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