How to cite part 2

Examples of how to cite

1. Source material - Printed Source

Some attempts to gain unfair advantages involve deliberate breaches of the rules. Learners who take devices into examinations, gain unauthorized access to assessment questions, or who hire an impersonator are clearly being dishonest. Because of developments in communication technology, smaller devices can be smuggled in to examination rooms, impersonators are easier to recruit, and hacked questions are more easily available. However, deliberate breaches form a relatively small proportion of dishonesty cases whereas up to 80% in most years involve misuse of others’ work through plagiarism or collusion. In these cases, determining whether a learner has acted dishonestly is much more problematic and the role of technology and networked communications in encouraging misuse is also more complex.

Reference:

Carroll, J. July 2012. Academic honesty in the IB. IB Position Paper. http://blogs.ibo.org/positionpapers/files/2013/02/Academic-honestyin-the-IB.pdf.

Author Date Quotation

Carroll (2012: 2) reminds us that “deliberate breaches form a relatively small proportion of dishonesty cases whereas up to 80% in most years involve misuse of others’ work through plagiarism or collusion”

Numbered footnote Quotation

As Carroll has noted, “deliberate breaches form a relatively small proportion of dishonesty cases whereas up to 80% in most years involve misuse of others’ work through plagiarism or collusion”.¹

The following is the footnote at the bottom of the page

¹ Carroll, J. 2012. Academic honesty in the IB. IB Position Paper. http://blogs.ibo.org/positionpapers/files/2013/02/Academic-honesty-in-the-IB.pdf. p 2.

Author Date Paraphrase

Carroll (2012: 2) notes that while some students still try to bring unauthorized materials into examination rooms with a clear intention to cheat, the vast majority of breaches (80%) relate to plagiarism and collusion; establishing responsibility and intent in such cases is not always easy.

Numbered Footnote Paraphrase

While some students still try to bring unauthorized materials into examination rooms with a clear intention to cheat, the vast majority of breaches (80%) relate to plagiarism and collusion; establishing responsibility and intent in such cases is not always easy.¹

The following is the footnote at the bottom of the page

¹ Carroll, J. 2012. Academic honesty in the IB. IB Position Paper. http://blogs.ibo.org/positionpapers/files/2013/02/Academic-honesty-in-the-IB.pdf. p 2.

2. Source Material - Non prinited electronic source

Reading is important. It is a vital survival skill. Reading, and of course writing, is the basis of learning. Until recently, it was the main method by which people far apart could talk to each other, across the miles or across the years. Even today, reading has advantages not shared by telecommunications or computer technology. And when you think about the vast amount of information, written information, that computer technology makes possible, the ability to read becomes ever more important.

Reference:

Royce, J. 1995. Reading matters: Words, words, words... http://read2live.

info/read2.htm. Accessed 30 November 2013.

Author Date Quotation

Royce (1995)., suggesting that ability to read is “a vital survival skill”, added, “when you think about the vast amount of information, written information, that computer technology makes possible, the ability to read becomes ever more important”

Numbered footnote quotation

In declaring that ability to read is “a vital survival skill”, Royce points out that, “when you think about the vast amount of information, written information, that computer technology makes possible, the ability to read becomes ever more important”.²

² Royce, J. 1995. Reading matters: Words, words, words... http://read2live.info/read2.htm.

Accessed 30 November 2013.

Author date paraphrase

As Royce (1995) has suggested, technology has not made obsolete the need for good reading skills; far from it—so much digital text is produced today that ability to read is as important, perhaps even more important, than ever. Almost 20 years later, this remains as true as ever.

Numbered Footnote Paraphrase

As Royce² noted, technology has not made obsolete the need for good reading skills; far from it—so much digital text is produced today that ability to read is as important, perhaps even more important, than ever.

² Royce, J. 1995. Reading matters: Words, words, words... http://read2live.info/read2.htm.

Accessed 30 November 2013.