One of the first carpentry jobs on any new domestic building is fitting the joists. Joists are used to span open spaces and support loads such as flooring, stairs and internal walls. Traditionally, joists were made from solid timber, but modern joists are often engineered in the form of I-beam joists, metal-webbing joists, laminated joists, etc. Joists are a structural component and must comply with current building standards. Once joists are in place they are covered with flooring such as Caberdek or solid timber flooring.
TASK STANDARDS
PASS:
Overall accuracy +/- 25mm
No gaps greater than 8mm
MERIT:
Overall accuracy +/- 10mm
No gap greater than 5mm
DISTINCTION:
Overall accuracy +/- 5mm
No gap greater than 3mm
The completed structure should be solid and stable with flooring sitting flush and having a neat overall appearance. Discuss your results with your tutor to establish strengths that you can build on, areas where you need to improve and ways to use what you have learned in the next task.
WHAT YOU NEED TO DO NOW
STUDY ALL OF THE RESOURCES PROVIDED FOR THIS TASK, INCLUDING VIDEOS, DRAWINGS, AND WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS
COMPLETE RISK ASSESSMENTS, METHOD STATEMENTS AND TOOL LIST IF REQUIRED
REVIEW AND PRACTICE ANY NEW SKILLS REQUIRED FOR THIS TASK WITH YOUR TUTOR
ALWAYS WORK IN A SAFE AND TIDY WAY
MAKE SURE ANY LOOSE COMPONENTS HAVE YOUR NAME ON THEM AND ARE STORED SAFELY AT THE END OF EACH SESSION
DON'T FORGET TO COMPLETE THE SIGN-OFF DOCUMENTS WITH YOUR TUTOR
IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS
ONCE YOU HAVE PASSED THIS ASSIGNMENT, ASK YOUR TUTOR ABOUT WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS WITH EXTENSION TASKS SUCH AS:
FITTING ENGINEERED JOISTS
COMPLEX TRIMMING
FITTING TRADITIONAL FLOOR BOARDS.
DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH TO FIND OUT ABOUT
NOTCHING AND DRILLING FOR SERVICES (CLICK HERE FOR NHBC STANDARDS ON NOTCHING/DRILLING)
USING SPAN TABLES TO CALCULATE THE SIZE OF JOIST REQUIRED (CLICK FOR EXAMPLE SPAN TABLE)
Draw a vertical line to mark the starting point of your joists and flooring. Use a pencil and level
Measure up 260mm and mark a horizontal line using a long level
Check your work to make sure it looks like the drawing below
Pre-drill and counterbore your ledger at 600mm
Fix your ledger to the wall using suitable coach screws as shown in the drawing below
Mark out the ledger exactly as shown in the drawing below
NOTE: the first joist spacing (marked with an 'X' in the drawing) should line up with the vertical mark you made on the wall in step 1
Measure 2438mm out from the wall and mark a line on the floor, parallel to the wall
Construct a low wall as shown in the drawing below (this is your wall plate)
You will need to use packers to adjust the height of the top rail
The top of your wall should be exactly level with the bottom of the ledger
Mark out the wall plate with EXACTLY the same starting point and spacings as on the ledger
Fit suitable joist hangers over the 'X' marks you have already made on the ledger
Use short CSK screws to fix the hangers
Fit the joists into the joist hangers and fix with short CSK screws
Mark out 600mm spacings on a temporary brace as shown below and fix the brace to the joists. Leave the nail/screw heads proud of the surface of the brace as you will remove this later
Pre-drill and skew-screw the joists to the wall plate using 4.5 X 75mm screws or similar, 2 per joist. Make sure that the joists line up with the markings you made earlier
Measure 50mm along both sides of each joist, starting from the inside edge of the wall plate
Square a vertical line from this mark
Carefully measure, cut and fit full-depth solid strutting as shown below, leaving a 50mm gap between strutting and wall plate
Pre-drill and fix with 4.5 X 75mm screws or similar, 2 at each end. Ask your tutor to show you techniques for skew-fixing with screws
Cut and fit perimeter nogging, 50mm from the ledger as shown below
Use Z-brackets fixed with 4 small csk screws per bracket
Measure and mark out stopped housings as shown in the drawing below
Repeat on the facing joist (You should have 4 in total)
Chop out the stopped housings
Carefully measure and cut 2 notched trimmers as shown...
...then fit as shown and secure with 4.5 X 75mm screws or similar, 2 at each end, remember to pre-drill first
Watch this video (HERRINGBONE STRUTTING)
Then fit herringbone strutting on the centreline of your joists as shown below
(You do not need to fit strutting between the trimmed joists as the trimmers will stabilise the joists they are fixed to)
Remove the temporary brace, de-nail it and store it on the timber racks
Fit the floor covering as shown in the drawing below and in accordance with current building regulations (CLICK HERE FOR DETAILS) ...Look for the following information:
What is an expansion gap? what size should it be and where does it go?
If this was a real wall, where would the block wall be going and how would that affect gapping?
How do you make sure board-end joints are safe and meet building regulations?
Remember that this is a simulation, talk to your tutor about things that would be done differently on a real floor (e.g. restraint straps...)
DO NOT GLUE THE FLOORING DOWN (as we will need to dismantle and re-use it after this exercise!)
Finally, fit and secure the hatch cover
In a real building site environment, structural joinery would be inspected and either passed or failed by an approved official inspector. Your tutor will take that role in this simulation and give you feedback on your work based on the building standards you have been working to
Once you have completed your practical task you need to discuss your results with your tutor and complete some sign off documents, your tutor will show you how to do this.