Error-Correcting Codes

Error-Correcting Codes

First, how do we define error-correcting codes? Are they passcodes for security? Or, are they password back-ups if ever you forgot your current password? Let’s unfold the true definition of error-correcting codes. 

When communicating, it is inevitable that we’ll commit mistakes. For example, you and your friends are talking through a social media app, and suddenly you commit a typographical error. Instead of sending “Where is it?” you sent “Where is it!” The exclamation mark brought a huge difference in your message that can cause miscommunication. 

In terms of codes, it is also possible to have miscommunication and errors. Error-correcting codes act as a help in times of need. These codes can detect and correct errors, which they may or may not be able to correct.

Coding Theory

What is coding theory? Is it a theory that tells about the evolution of codes? A theory that talks about the history of security passcodes? Coding theory saves information from noisy channels through error-correcting codes. This theory detects and corrects errors that have been made in the middle of communication. It makes the transmitted information reliable and authentic. Coding theory acts as a savior for us! 

Additionally, coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their applications. We have four types of coding: data compression (source coding), error control (channel coding), cryptographic coding, and line coding. 

Types of Coding: 

• Source coding

Source coding involves changing the message source, such as a data terminal or the human voice, to a suitable code for transmission through the channel. For example, in zoom meetings, google meet, or simply messenger call- they utilize source coding to transfer your voices to the recipient. Moreover, source coding plays an important role while playing your music, movies, or videos. 

Here are some examples of source coding: 

• Stop = 11

• Play = 00

• Rewind = 10

• Fast forward = 01

• Channel coding (error control coding) 

An error-correcting code is a method of encoding a series of numbers in such a way that any faults introduced can be identified and rectified using the remaining numbers. These codes can both identify and correct errors, whereas error-detecting codes can simply detect problems and may or may not be able to fix them.

• Cryptographic Coding

Cryptography is a way of securing information and communications by using codes to ensure that only those who are supposed to read and use the information may do so. Cryptographic coding ensures that the information and data will be secured upon transmission. If coding theory is a savior, then cryptographic coding is a guard! It protects your data from any malicious party. 

• Line Coding

A line code is the data transmission code for a digital signal via a transmission line. This coding approach was used to avoid signal overlap and distortion, such as inter-symbol interference.