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SARAN OER for customized effective learning of I B.Sc. Hons Micro studnts (2025-26), For queries write to ✉ vigsaran@gmail.com /✆ WhatsApp 9597953063
SEMESTER – I
(NEP Syllabus - 2024 June Revised)
MID-I BIOMOLECULES AND CELL BIOLOGY Credits 3 +1 (P)
(Minor disciplinary course)
✅Course Objectives:
The objectives of this course is to understand the basics of cell biology which is an essential part of any life science programme, it includes (i) to know about the biomolecules of the cell (ii) to appreciate the structural and functional roles of the cells in the daily life such as appreciating the role of the organelles and to value the life processes such as respiration and photosynthesis (iii) finally to comprehend the role of cell communication in life systems.
Unit - I 9 hrs
Biomacromolecules of the cell: Carbohydrates – definition, classification, and functions, Amino acids and proteins – classification and function, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, Lipids – classification and their function; Nucleic acids – classification and their function.
Unit - II 9 hrs
Structure and functions of cell wall: bacterial cell wall – plant cell wall and fungal cell wall, plasma membrane – exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis – vesicles and their importance in transport. Cytoskeleton structure – microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filament.
Unit - III 9 hrs
Structure and functions of cell organelles – endoplasmic reticulum (rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum), golgi apparatus,lysosomes, microbodies (peroxysomes and glyoxysomes), vacuoles, ribosomes, centriole and basal bodies.
Unit - IV 9 hrs
Mitochondria – organization of respiratory chain, chloroplasts – photophosphorylation, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane and organization of chromosomes, cell cycle and its check points, cell division (mitosis and meiosis).
Unit - V 8 hrs
Cell communication – overview – types of cell signaling – signal molecules – signal amplification – receptor types – quorum sensing.
Unit – VI
30 hrs
Practicals: Preparation of Molar, Normal solutions and buffers – Determination of pH using pH meter – Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates, protein and fats – Estimation of glucose by Benedict’s test – Estimation of ascorbic acid – Preparation of starch from potatoes, Understand about the cell types of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, by observing their structure, the cell division and function – Observing the internal structures of the cells, their importance and functioning.
Topics shown in bold italic text - is common class assignment
🎯Course Outcome:
Upon successful completion of the course the candidate will
• be familiar with the biomacromolecules of the cell.
• have gained knowledge on the structure and functions of cell wall, plasma membrane, vesicles and cytoskeleton.
• understand the structure and functions of the nucleus and different cell organelles.
• understand cell division and the significance of cell cycle and its check points.
• have gained insight on types of cell signaling, signal amplification and quorum sensing
📖Text Books
**Kumar P. and Mina U. (2018) Life Sciences: Fundamentals and Practice, Part-I, 6th Edn., Pathfinder Publication. p.608.
Satynarayana T. (2005) Biochemistry, Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.
Hardin J. and J.P. Lodolce (2022) Becker’s World of the Cell. 10th Edn (Global Edn.). Pearson Education Ltd., p. 929.
^Bergtrom G. (2022) Cell and Molecular Biology, 5th Edn., OER, p.626.
Karp G., Iwasa J. and Marshall W. (2020) Karp's Cell and Molecular Biology – Concepts and Experiments. 9th Edn. John Wiley and Sons. p.832.
Shakaya A., Sundaram G., Ganta S., Rani V., Maheshwari A. and Joshi S. (2020) Cell Biology (BBCCT-103), Indira Gandhi National Open University, p. 294.
📚 Reference books
Cooper G.M. (2019) The Cell – A Molecular Approach, 8th Edn., Sinauer Associates Inc., Oxford University Press p.813.
Urry L.A. Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A., Minorsky P.V., and Orr R.B. (2021) Campbell Biology. 12th Edn. Pearson Education. p.1493.
Albert B., Hopkin K., Johnson A.D., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K. and Walter P. (2019) Essential Cell Biology 5th Edn.,(paper back) W.W. Norton & Company p.865.
Mason K.A., Losos J.B. and Singer S.R. (2011) Raven and Johnson’s Biology. 9th Edn. Mc Graw Hill publications. p.1406.
Alberts B., Heald R., Johnson B., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K. and Walter P. (2022) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th Edn., W.W. Norton & Company, p. 1555.
Challoner J. (2015) The Cell: A visual tour of the building block of life, The University of Chicago Press and Ivy Press Ltd., p.193
➕Other Learning Resources
1. Enroll in Swayam portal to assess the Archives course related to our cell biology for further learning
Cell biology For additional resources click HERE
2. Enroll in Swayam portal to assess the Archives course related to our cell biology for further learning
3. Enroll in Swayam portal to assess the Archives course related to our cell biology for further learning
Cell Biology: Cellular organization, division and processes
Term End Model Question Paper
Time - 3 hrs Total - 50 Marks
Section – A (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
1. Define nucleic acids.
2. Name a non-membranous organelle and give its function
3. State the functions of centriole
4. Power houses of the cell
5. Nucleosomes
Section – B (5 x 3 = 15 marks)
6. a) Write about the structure of aminoacids with diagram
or
b) Give an account on Cellulose?
7. a) Write short notes on Golgi bodies.
or
b) Explain the types and functions of lysosome
8. a) Cytoskeleton is the driving force behind functioning of cell – substantiate the statement.
or
b) Briefly explain about nucleus.
9. a) Draw the diagram of cell cyle with check points.
or
b) Differentiate exocytosis and endocytosis
10. a) Explain facilitated diffusion with a neat diagram.
or
b) State the functions of mitochondria.
Section – C (3 x 10 = 30 marks)
11. Explain about the various structures of protein.
12. Write detailed notes on ultra structure and chemical composition of plant cell wall
13. How DNA is packaged into the cell?.
14. Explain the functions of endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies with suitable diagram.
15. Explain quorum sensing in bacteria
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