Research Framework

Research Framework

 A framework is defined as “a set of ideas that provide support to something “. Essentially, any concept or theory requires a strong framework to establish its general feasibility. In the case of research, it serves as the building blocks for the foundation of the study. There are two types of research framework; theoretical and conceptual framework.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework.

The Theoretical framework is formulated from existing theories and serves as the foundation of the study. The present study can adopt the original model used by the cited theorist. However, the researcher can modify the variables of the original framework to better suit the study, provides that the whole theory utilized.

In contrast, the Conceptual framework is derived from a combination of theories or parts of theories. This framework guides the researcher in synthesizing the different theories used in formulating a new one.

Ideally, the theoretical framework is more suitable for the student’s researchers than the conceptual framework because of the former’s simpler approach. That is, it is less complicated to directly base on existing theories than to formulate a new one. 

One of the mostly common used paradigms is the IPO (Input-process-output) model. It is used when the research seeks to discuss a factor or a major variable that causes a problem, phenomenon, or transformation in the subject

Input. The variables that cause the problem, phenomenon or transformation)

Process. The methods by which the variables are collected and synthesized.

Output. The outcome of the variables. 

Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework  

Figure 1 shows that the independent variable is the utilization or not of the CALLA Language Strategies and Application of M-Learning. Since it is a quasi-experimental study, there are at least two groups of subjects. One acted as the experimental group which will be exposed to CALLA Learning Strategies and M-Learning. The other group which is the controlled group will be utilizing the usual teaching instruction. The two groups’ performances before and after the treatment in the achievement in mathematics are the dependent variables of the study. These will be done to determine whether the intervention, which is the CALLA Language Strategies with the application of M-Learning, has significantly improved the students’ achievement in mathematics based from the pre and post test result. Finally, this will yield to the creation of m-learning based CALLA packet that will serve as a versatile educational tool that combines math instruction with language learning strategies, leveraging mobile technology to engage students in meaningful and interactive learning experiences that promote academic achievement and language proficiency.