In academic writing, arguments are built from the answers to just five kinds of questions1:
What do you want me to do or think?
Why should I do or think that?
How do I know that what you say is true?
What about this other idea, fact, or consideration?
What general principles ground your argument?
How can a great question steer an argument in favour of the speaker?
Why do questions that require an extended answer (open ended) reveal information that was previously concealed?
How does an argument differ from a discussion?
What is the value of an argument?
Can you think of a profession that being able to present an argument with clarity is an advantage?