Lesson 9
SCALING
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W E L C O M E !
W E L C O M E !
LESSON 9 OUTLINE
LESSON 9 OUTLINE
HOW TO MAKE A SCALE
HOW TO MAKE A SCALE
HOW TO CONVERT SCALE
HOW TO CONVERT SCALE
HOW TO CALCULATE A SCALE
HOW TO CALCULATE A SCALE
HOW TO DRAW YOURSELF TO A SCALE
HOW TO DRAW YOURSELF TO A SCALE
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
understand the main function of a scale;
learn how to convert from larger to smaller scale;
apply the different scale in your drawing;
appreciate the importance of scaling in drawing;
SCALING
SCALING
NOTE: CLICK on the TEXT to view more CONTENT.
Most objects around us are larger if compared to the size of a drawing paper. It is therefore necessary to reduce their sizes proportionally on the paper. This process of proportionally reducing the size of an object on he drawing paper is called Scaling. Scaling does not only reduce an object. It reproduces it in actual or full size and can also proportionally enlarge the size of a very small object.
In scaling therefore, we perform one of these three processes: reproduction. Reduction and enlargement depending on the size of the object, the size of the drawing paper and the purpose of the draftsman.
SCALING A DRAWING
SCALING A DRAWING
The tools used in scaling a drawing are the triangular scale and the divider. A triangular scale is longer than a bar scale; it is more convenient to use.
ARCHITECT'S SCALE
ARCHITECT'S SCALE
The ability to use architect’s scales accurately it is required not only when preparing drawings but also when checking existing architectural plans and details.
The mains purpose of an architect’s scale is to enable the architect, designer, or drafter to plan accurately and make drawings in proportion to the actual size of the structure as well as, to measure the interior and external dimensions of rooms, walls, doors, windows, and fire protection systems.
For example, when a drawing is prepared to a reduced scale of ¼” = 1’-0”, a line is drawn ¼” long thought of by the drafter as 1’-0”.
ARCHITECTURAL SCALE SHAPES
ARCHITECTURAL SCALE SHAPES
ENGINEER'S SCALE
ENGINEER'S SCALE
Is often used for plans that show the size and features of the land surrounding a building (plot plans, site plans, landscape plans). An engineer’s scale divides the inch into decimal parts. These parts are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 parts per inch.
An engineer’s scale of 1” = 10’ is normally used for small sites. If a land sit is very large, a scale of 1” = 20’ or 1” = 30’ may be needed to allow the plan to fit the sheet size.
METRIC SCALE
METRIC SCALE
Are used in the same manner as the architects scale to prepare reduced size drawings. Metric scales, however use ratios of 12 used in architect’s scales. The metric system of measure is a decimal system. Units are related by tens.
The basic measure in the metric system for distance is the meter (m).Prefixes are used to change the base (meter) to large or smaller amounts by units of 10. Prefixes that represent subdivisions pf less than 1 are deci-, centi-, and milli-. A decimeter equals one-tenth (0.1) of a meter. A centimeter equals one-hundredth (0.01) of a meter. A millimeter equals one-thousandth (0.001) of a meter.
NOTE: Different scales are designed for a broad range of applications. Therefore, before a drawing is started, first determine the actual size of the area to be covered.
CONVERSION OF SCALE (METRIC SYSTEM)
CONVERSION OF SCALE (METRIC SYSTEM)
In the real world, one meter is equal to one meter. A drawing at a scale ratio of 1:50 simply means that 1 unit on the drawing represents 50 units on the ground.
And as the number in the scale gets bigger, i.e. 1 : 50 – 1 : 200, the elements in the drawing actually gets smaller.
It is worth noting that scale drawings represent the same units. So, if a drawing is at 1:50 in cm, 1cm in the drawing will be equal to 50cm in real life. Similarly, if a drawing is in mm, at 1:200 – one mm unit in the drawing will represent 200mm in real life.
METHODS OF SCALING
METHODS OF SCALING
1. REPRODUCE (FULL SIZE)
1. REPRODUCE (FULL SIZE)
An object is drawn in its actual size if its three main orthographic views and other necessary details can be conveniently drawn on one sheet of paper.
2. REDUCE (HALF SIZE)
2. REDUCE (HALF SIZE)
A method of scaling commonly used for large objects.
3. ENLARGE (DOUBLE-SIZE)
3. ENLARGE (DOUBLE-SIZE)
All lengths of an object are doubled or multiplied by the scale factor (corresponding side lengths are proportional) and all angles remain unchanged.
TYPES OF SCALE
TYPES OF SCALE
- HUMAN SCALE
It is defined as the scale with reference to the human dimensions and all the sizes of the objects are set accordingly . We may say it as the scale of all the objects and buildings used for daily purpose. All the sizes are convenient and handy in accordance to the people living in the building such as the sizes of chairs, tables, staircase treads and risers, doors, windows; all are set according to the human dimensions and their uses.
- MINATURE /INTIMATE SCALE
This is a smaller, more personal scale. When the scale of an object is set in such a manner that the size of the object or building decreases from the actual size
- MONUMENTAL SCALE
When the size of the object or a building gets increased than the actual size. The scale is much bigger than the human scale and generally used for public places, such as places where large crowds gather.
- PROPORTION SCALE
This refers to the relative size of parts of a whole, the relationship between two things of different size.
STANDARD SIZE FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
STANDARD SIZE FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
Scaling used for construction details:
•1:1 (Full size)
•1:2 (Half size)
•1:5 (3”= 1’0”)
•1:10 (1 1/2”=1’0”) – Joinery, component details, construction details
Scale used for room plans, furniture, interior elevations
•1:20 (3/4”=1’0”)
•1:25 (3/4”=1’0”) (note that 1:25 is not a common metric scale)
Scale used for location plan, cartography, maps and zoning:
•1:5000
•1:1000 (1”=80’0”)
Scaling used for Floor plans, elevation and sectioning:
•1:100 (1/8”=1’0”)
•1:50 (1/4”=1’0”)
Scaling used for site plans:
•1:200 (1/16”=1’0”)
•1:250 (1”=20’0”) (note that 1:250 is not a common metric scale)
•1:500 (1”=40’0”)
SHORT DEMONSTARATION ON SCALING: HOW TO SCALE
SHORT DEMONSTARATION ON SCALING: HOW TO SCALE
Video_5f94e644-bf58-42c2-867a-a5c1841b236c.mp4LEARNING ACTIVITY
LEARNING ACTIVITY
DIRECTIONS: PRINT the ACTIVITY SHEET provided below. STRICTLY NO REVISON TO BE MADE.
LESSON 9 - ACTIVITY 9.docxREFERENCES:
CONTENT SOURCE:
Manaois, German M. Drafting Volume 2: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 1983, Reprinted 2004
Brown, Walter C. Drafting : Published 1986
URL: https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/understanding-scales-and-scale-drawings/
URL: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Scale
URL: http://portico.space/journal//drawing-for-architects-basics-scale
URL: https://www.slideshare.net/archistudent12/importance-types-of-scale-in-architecture
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kP-L7NaATwE
URL: https://www.archisoup.com/architectural-scale
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/GFGXQaFayk8
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