Instructional Design is to create learning experiences for learners by trained educational designers. All the learning outcomes should be based on systematic instructional design models, which means the learning products should be designed by considering of students' learning needs, teaching methods, delivering materials, and the effectiveness of instruction evaluation. 

ADDIE MODEL is an instructional design model, which has 5 acronymic developmental stages---analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. It is evaluation leading to re-analyze, promote design, and develop modifications. To emphasize, it is extremely beneficial for large and complex teaching designs.

Analysis stage:

    To analyze instructional problems, goals, and objectives is happened in analysis stage. In addition, learners and industries' needs are needed to be analyzed in analysis stage while designers analyze learners' background, characters, prior knowledge, and necessary information. 

Design stage:

    In the design phase, learning objectives have to be student-centered, measurable, observable, and clearly stated. Assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection should be systemiatic and specific. 

Development stage:

    In development stage is to create and assemble the content assets, which were blueprinted in design stage.  Thus, storyboards are created. Content is written and graphics are designed.

Implement stage:

    A procedure for training the learners is developed in implement stage, which should cover the course curriculum, learning outcomes, methods of delivery, and testing procedures.

Evaluation stage:

    There are two types of evaluation: formative evaluation and summative evaluation. Formative evaluation is the internal evaluation, and the summative evaluation occurs after the implementation phase. Particularly, summative evaluation is to have an understanding of the learners’ outcomes and the effectiveness of design components.

Successive Approximation Model (SAM) has 3 steps: evaluation, design, and development. It is kind of a simple version of ADDIE. In addition, SAM uses an iterative process for course development instead of linear. 

Gagné's nine events of instruction is built upon each other naturally and improves the communication supporting the learning process. These events facilitate learner's engagement while the content is being presented. It provides a framework to structure the delivery of the instructional content for instructional designers. 

ETEC 5440 Group Project

   Developing your Career ePortfolio was a group project, which developed by following the systematic ADDIE instructional design model. 

After taking ETEC5440, I do really understand what the Instructional Design is. Especially, we did create a learning experience for our learners. If we didn't design our own portfolio learning course, I didn't know how important the ADDIE design Model would be. After practicing each phrases, I did experience the learning products  would not be crushed even one of my group members left at the last  the moment. In addition, it is so significant important to understand the learning needs and learners needs as well. Otherwise, there would not have an effective instructional method.

How excited to create your own training products when you take an instructional design class? Yes, I did fortunately. While I was taking ETEC 6440 class, I did apply Dick and Carey Instructional Model  in my project. At beginning, I did identify my instructional goals clearly. The whole training is to help my 4 campers to choose a desired summer camp and to provide the necessary documents. After following the 9 design steps--- conduct instructional analysis, analyze learners and contexts, write performance objectives, develop assessment instruments, develop instructional strategy, develop and select instructional materials, design and conduct formative evaluation of instruction, revise instruction, and design and conduct formative & summative evaluations, my summer camp enrollment instruction was conducted. I got feed back that my training product was lack of training purpose, which looked like a website instead of learning lessons. Thus, I did revise and reproduce. The formative and summative evaluation part was very gainful as well. By comparing to ADDIE model, I like the formative evaluation phase. It really helps designers to get professional perspectives for their design products. To sum up, ETEC 6440 class is an advanced design class, which also provides freedom for students to create their own personalized design products by applying Dick and Carey Instructional Model. 

ADDIE Model. (n.d.). ADDIE Model. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_isd/addie.html

Gagné, R.M. (1965). The conditions of learning. New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.

Successive approximation and Sam. (2016). Michael Allen's Guide to e-Learning, 297–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119176268.ch14

Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2015). The systematic design of instruction (8th ed.) [PDF file]. Pearson Education, Inc.