Muscles

m. masseter- Originates from a strong tendon from the zygomatic arch and the facial crest. Inserts into the lateral surface of the broad part of the ramus of the mandible. Brings the jaw together.

m. pterygoideus- Originates from lateral surface of the pterygoid, palatine and sphenoid bones. Inserts into the caudal margin and slightly on the caudomedial surface of the mandible. Raises the mandible.

m. temporalis- Originates from the parietal, temporal, frontal and occipital bones. Inserts into the medial surface of the condyle of the mandible just ventral to its articular surface. Raises the mandible.

m. digastricus- Originates in the Paracondylar process of the occiput. Inserts into the ventromedial border of the mandible. Opens the jaws.

m. genioglossus- an extrinsic muscle of the tongue that has its origins from a short tendon at the superior mental spine of the mandible

m. hyoglossus- a quadrilateral muscle originating from the anterior body of the hyoid bone and its greater cornu. The thin muscle passes between styloglossus and stylohyoid to enter the side of the tongue. Depresses the tongue.

m. orbicularis oculi- Forms a kind of elliptic ring, broad and thin, that surrounds the palpebral slot. The whole is subdivided in two segments, a dorsal and a ventral one; that correspond to each of the eyelids. The upper one is slightly broader.

m. orbicularis oris- an extended fleshy ring disposed around the oral slot, within the thickness of the lips. It has no bony insertions. Its periphery receives the terminal fibers of most adjacent muscles

m. levator labii superioris- Originates at zygomatic process of maxilla, maxillary process of zygomatic. Inserts into muscles of upper lip. Elevates upper lip, exposes maxillary teeth

m. levator nasolabialis- located on the side of the nasal region, from the root of the nose, medially to the orbit, until the upper lip and the wing of the nose. It lifts the upper lip pulling it aside; it also pulls on the wing of the nose and participates to the nostril's dilatation.

m. caninus- elevator of the angle of the mout, the canine muscle participates rather in domestic animals to pull the upper lip and the wing of the nose aside, helping in this way the nostril's dilatation. In Ruminants and Porcines, its ventral beam becomes even a real depressor of the lower lip, that it pulls aside aswell as the muzzle or the groin.

m. zygomaticus- It pulls the commissure of the lips upward and backward. Inserts near the temporomandibular joint

m. buccinator- a flat muscle, located within the cheek and spread parallel to the great axis of the mouth, of which it closes the cavity laterally. The part located between the masseter and the orbicular muscle of the mouth constitutes the anatomical base of the 'cheek's pouch

m. trapezius- located superficially between the left and right scapular blades. Elevates the limb and draws it forward.

m. rhomboideus - ventral to the trapezius.

m. supraspinatus- dorsal to the spine or ridge on the scapula.

m. infraspinatus- ventral to the scapular spine.

m. subscapularis- located on the flat medial face of the scapula, towards the ribs.

m. biceps brachii- anterior to the humerus (equivalent to the biceps muscle in the human arm and name "biceps" orginates from its double head).

m. triceps brachii- large three-headed muscle bounded by the ventral edge of the scapula and the posterior edge of the humerus. (The name tri-ceps or three-heads, indicates that this muscle is subdivided into three sections)

m. serratus ventralis- large fan-like muscle that radiates from the medial face of the scapula and attaches to the lateral surfaces of the ribs.

m. pectoralis superficialis- located over the sternum and terminates on the crest of the greater tuberclce of the humerus. Supports the limb and draws the limb forward or backward according to its position

m. pectoralis profundus- muscle which originates from the sternum, the costal cartilages, and xiphoid cartilage and inserts into the proximal humers. It is deep to the m. pectoralis superficialis

m. latissimus dorsi- flat triangular muscle caudal to the scapula. Draws the limb forward and decelerates the forward motion of the limb.

Intercostal muscles- located between adjacent ribs in the wall of the chest; there are two layers in the depth of the muscle

Diaphragm- a large, dome-shaped muscle that is the primary muscle of respiration.

m. rectus abdominis- Originates at the pubic symphysis and pubic crest and inserts into the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7. Flexes the thoracic and lumber spine. (in humans, this muscle makes up the "six pack")

m. transversus abdominis- lies underneath rectus abdominis and is deep to the obliquus internus abdominis. Compresses the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability

m. obliquus externus abdominis- Originates from fourth to twelfth ribs (costal part) and last rib (lumbar part) and inserts into the pubic syphyses and xiphoid process via the linea alba (costal part) and twelfth rib (lumbar part). Compresses the abdominal viscera, flexes the vertebral column when fellow muscles contract, and laterlly bends the vertebral column.

m. obliquus internus abdominis- originates at the tuber coxae and inserts into the thirteenth rib and cartilage of the twelfth rib. Compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

m. gluteus medius- Originates at the gluteal surface of the ilium, the iliac crest and from both angles of the ilium. Inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. Extends the hip joint.

m. biceps femoris- a single large muscle on the lateral face of the hindlimb. In cross section, it often appears to be divided into two parts because it has a very deep cleft along part of its length

m. semimembranosus- Caudal and medial to the semitendinosus and originates at the lower surface of the rough portion of the tuber ischiadicum. Inserts into the aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius, the medial lip of the femur, and medial condyle of the femur. Extends the hip when the foot is placed on a solid substrate.

m. semitendinosus- Originates at the lateral angle of the ischial tuberosity between the biceps femoris and semimembranosus. Inserts into the medial surface of the tibia in front of the flexor muscles and the tuber calcanei with the biceps femoris. Extends the hip and tarsal joints, flexes the stifle joint.

m. tensor fascia lata- Originates proximal to the tuber coxae and from the aponeurosis of the gluteus medius. Inserts over the biceps femoris to the patella. Extends the stife joint and tension of the hip joint.

m. quadriceps femoris- muscles form a group of four large muscles that pull on the patella when the leg is extended.

m. gastrocnemius- The lateral head originates in the lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur by a large tendon and the medial head comes from the medial supracondylar tuberosity. Inserts via the calcaneal tendon to the tuber calcanei. Extends the tarsal joint.