Identify and describe scalar quantities and vector quantities
Identify and give examples of forces as contact or non-contact forces
Describe the interaction between two objects and the force produced on each as a vector
Describe weight and explain that its magnitude at a point depends on the gravitational field strength
Calculate weight by recalling and using the equation: [ W = mg ]
Represent the weight of an object as acting at a single point which is referred to as the object's ‘centre of mass’
Calculate the resultant of two forces that act in a straight line
HT ONLY: describe examples of the forces acting on an isolated object or system
HT ONLY: Use free body diagrams to qualitatively describe examples where several forces act on an object and explain how that leads to a single resultant force or no force
HT ONLY: Use free body diagrams and accurate vector diagrams to scale, to resolve multiple forces and show magnitude and direction of the resultant
HT ONLY: Use vector diagrams to illustrate resolution of forces, equilibrium situations and determine the resultant of two forces, to include both magnitude and direction
Describe energy transfers involved when work is done and calculate the work done by recalling and using the equation: [ W = Fs ]
Describe what a joule is and state what the joule is derived from
Convert between newton-metres and joules.
Explain why work done against the frictional forces acting on an object causes a rise in the temperature of the object
Describe examples of the forces involved in stretching, bending or compressing an object
Explain why, to change the shape of an object (by stretching, bending or compressing), more than one force has to be applied – this is limited to stationary objects only
Describe the difference between elastic deformation and inelastic deformation caused by stretching forces
Describe the extension of an elastic object below the limit of proportionality and calculate it by recalling and applying the equation: [ F = ke ]
Explain why a change in the shape of an object only happens when more than one force is applied
Describe and interpret data from an investigation to explain possible causes of a linear and non-linear relationship between force and extension
Calculate work done in stretching (or compressing) a spring (up to the limit of proportionality) by applying, but not recalling, the equation: [ Ee= ½ke2 ]
Required practical 18: investigate the relationship between force and extension for a spring.
Define distance and displacement and explain why they are scalar or vector quantities
Express a displacement in terms of both the magnitude and direction
Explain that the speed at which a person can walk, run or cycle depends on a number of factors and recall some typical speeds for walking, running, cycling
Make measurements of distance and time and then calculate speeds of objects in calculating average speed for non-uniform motion
Explain why the speed of wind and of sound through air varies and calculate speed by recalling and applying the equation: [ s = v t ]
Explain the vector–scalar distinction as it applies to displacement, distance, velocity and speed
HT ONLY: Explain qualitatively, with examples, that motion in a circle involves constant speed but changing velocity
Represent an object moving along a straight line using a distance-time graph, describing its motion and calculating its speed from the graph's gradient
Draw distance–time graphs from measurements and extract and interpret lines and slopes of distance–time graphs,
Describe an object which is slowing down as having a negative acceleration and estimate the magnitude of everyday accelerations
Calculate the average acceleration of an object by recalling and applying the equation: [ a = Δv/t ]
Represent motion using velocity–time graphs, finding the acceleration from its gradient and distance travelled from the area underneath
HT ONLY: Interpret enclosed areas in velocity–time graphs to determine distance travelled (or displacement)
HT ONLY: Measure, when appropriate, the area under a velocity– time graph by counting square
Apply, but not recall, the equation: [ v2 – u2 = 2as ]
Explain the motion of an object moving with a uniform velocity and identify that forces must be in effect if its velocity is changing, by stating and applying Newton’s First Law
Define and apply Newton's second law relating to the acceleration of an object
Recall and apply the equation: [ F = ma ]
HT ONLY: Describe what inertia is and give a definition
Estimate the speed, accelerations and forces of large vehicles involved in everyday road transport
Required practical 19: investigate the effect of varying the force on the acceleration of an object of constant mass, and the effect of varying the mass of an object on the acceleration
Apply Newton’s Third Law to examples of equilibrium situations
Describe factors that can affect a driver’s reaction time
Explain methods used to measure human reaction times and recall typical results
Interpret and evaluate measurements from simple methods to measure the different reaction times of students
Evaluate the effect of various factors on thinking distance based on given data
State typical reaction times and describe how reaction time (and therefore stopping distance) can be affected by different factors
Explain methods used to measure human reaction times and take, interpret and evaluate measurements of the reaction times of students
Explain how the braking distance of a vehicle can be affected by different factors, including implications for road safety
Explain how a braking force applied to the wheel does work to reduce the vehicle's kinetic energy and increases the temperature of the brakes
Explain and apply the idea that a greater braking force causes a larger deceleration and explain how this might be dangerous for drivers
HT ONLY: Estimate the forces involved in the deceleration of road vehicles
HT ONLY: Calculate momentum by recalling and applying the equation: [ p = mv ]
HT ONLY: Explain and apply the idea that, in a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event
HT ONLY: Describe examples of momentum in a collision
Videos
Free Science Lesson
Click the buttons below to take you to the youtube playlist of Forces