Cell Biology

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Whole Topic Checklist

Use the terms 'eukaryotic' and 'prokaryotic' to describe types of cells
Describe the features of bacterial (prokaryotic) cells
Demonstrate an understanding of the scale and size of cells and be able to make order of magnitude calculations, inc standard form
Recall the structures found in animal and plant (eukaryotic) cells inc algal cells
Use estimations and explain when they should be used to judge the relative size or area of sub-cellular structures
Required practical 1: use a light microscope to observe, draw and label a selection of plant and animal cells
Describe the functions of the structures in animal and plant (eukaryotic) cells
Describe what a specialised cell is, including examples for plants and animals
Describe what differentiation is, including differences between animals and plants
Define the terms magnification and resolution
Compare electron and light microscopes in terms of their magnification and resolution
Carry out calculations involving magnification using the formula: magnification = size of image/ size of real object -inc standard form
Required practical 2: investigate the effect of antiseptics or antibiotics on bacterial growth using agar plates and measuring zones of inhibition
Describe how genetic information is stored in the nucleus of a cell (inc genes & chromosomes)
Describe the processes that happen during the cell cycle, including mitosis (inc recognise and describe where mitosis occurs)
Describe stem cells, including sources of stem cells in plants and animals and their roles
Describe the use of stem cells in the production of plant clones and therapeutic cloning
Discuss the potential risks, benefits and issues with using stem cells in medical research/treatments (inc diabetes and paralysis)
Describe the process of diffusion, including examples
Explain how diffusion is affected by different factors
Define and explain "surface area to volume ratio", and how this relates to single-celled and multicellular organisms (inc calculations)
Explain how the effectiveness of an exchange surface can be increased, inc examples of adaptations for small intestines, lungs, gills roots & leaves
Describe the process of osmosis (inc calculation of water uptake & percentage gain and loss of mass of plant tissue)
Required practical 3: investigate the effect of a range of concentrations of salt or sugar solutions on the mass of plant tissue
Describe the process of active transport, including examples - gut and roots
Explain the differences between diffusion, osmosis and active transport