Unit 12: Classification and Phylogenetics

Learning Focus:

Unit Overview: Natural Selection, Darwin, Evidence of Evolution, Phylogenetics and Cladograms. 

Standard(s): SB6. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to assess the theory of evolution.

a. Construct an explanation of how new understandings of Earth’s history, the emergence of new species from preexisting species, and our understanding of genetics have influenced our understanding of biology.

Standard(s):  SB6. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to assess the theory of evolution.

c  Construct an argument using valid and reliable resources to support the claim that evidence from comparative morphology (analogous vs. homologous structures), embryology, biochemistry (protein sequence) and genetics support the theory that all living organisms are related by way of common descent.

Standard(s): SB6. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to assess the theory of evolution.

e. Develop a model to explain the role natural selection plays in causing biological resistance (e.g., pesticides, antibiotic resistance, and influenza vaccines).

Standard(s): SB4.Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to illustrate the organization of interacting systems within single-celled and multi-celled organisms.

a. Construct an argument supported by the scientific information to explain patterns in structures and functions among clades of organisms, including the origin of eukaryotes by endosymbiosis. Clades should include: archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes (fungi, plants and animals). 

(Clarification statement: This is reflective of 21st century classification schemes and nested hierarchy of clades and is intended to develop a foundation for comparing major groups of organisms. The term 'protist' is useful in describing those eukaryotes that are not within the animal, fungal or plant clades but the term does not describe a well-defined clade or a natural taxonomic group.)

b. Analyze and interpret data to develop models (i.e. cladograms and phylogenetic trees) based on patterns of common ancestry and the theory of evolution to determine relationships among major groups of organisms.