Embedded Files
Overview
Overview
This lesson covers the knowledge, skills, and proper attitude in selecting and obtaining necessary tools, materials, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in installing common electrical devices.
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Cognitive Domain
Select the needed tools, equipment, and PPE to install electrical devices
Affective Domain
Obtain needed materials in accordance to job requirements
Psychomotor Domain
Install common electrical devices in simple wiring board
Watch the videos below and accomplish tasks given!
Now! It is time to show what you have learned from the video. Read and follow directions.
Learning Activity 1
Learning Activity 1
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
- The File Name of your output shall always be in this suggested format:
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA1
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA1
- Submit or upload your output to the Google Drive Link. Click the button below:
Module 4 Lesson 1 Activity Sheet.pdfTo be fully a equipped electricians! Read and analyze information below!
Electrical Devices
Electrical Devices
Electrical devices are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:
1. control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;
2. carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus;
The following are the most commonly used electrical devices.
The following are the most commonly used electrical devices.
Flush Type
Surface Type
Convenience Outlet
Convenience Outlet
A device that acts as a convenient source of electrical energy for current consuming appliances. It is where the male plug of an appliance is inserted and usually fastened on the wall or connected in an extension cord. It maybe single, duplex, triplex or multiplex and could be surface type or flush type.
Male Plug
Male Plug
A device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a current consuming instrument or appliance.
Flush Type
Flush Type
Surface Type
Surface Type
Hanging Type
Hanging Type
Hanging (Chain)
Hanging (Chain)
Lamp Holder
Lamp Holder
Devices that hold and protect the lamp and are also called as―Lamp Sockets/Receptacles. These come in many designs and sizes. They are classified as flush, hanging (weather proof/chain) and surface types.
Flush Type
Flush Type
Surface Type
Surface Type
Hanging Type
Hanging Type
Switch
Switch
A device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric current in a circuit. There are many shapes, designs, and types and they are classified as hanging, flush, and surface types.
Knife Type
Knife Type
Cartridge
Cartridge
Plug Type
Plug Type
Fuse
Fuse
A circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the current when and over load or short circuit happens.
Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker
A protective device used to automatically blows and cuts the current when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or overload occurs.
COMMON WIRE SPLICES AND JOINTS
COMMON WIRE SPLICES AND JOINTS
Introduction
As a student in Electrical Installation and Maintenance you should acquire the important knowledge and skills in wire splices and joints and should be familiar with the actual application of every splice and joint. This will serve as your tool in performing actual wiring installation. Of course, another factor is the knowledge in interpreting and analysing the wiring diagram especially if the circuit is complicated.
The following are the Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints:
The following are the Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints:
Rat Tail or Pig Tail
Rat Tail or Pig Tail
This kind of joint is commonly used to join two or more conductors inside the junction box. It is suitable for service where there is no mechanical stress when wires are to be connected in an outlet box, switch, or conduit fitting
Y-Splice
Y-Splice
This method of wrapping is generally used on small cables because the strands are flexible and all can be wrapped in one operation.
Knotted tap
Knotted tap
This is used where the tap wire is under heavy tensile stress.
Plain tap joint
Plain tap joint
This is used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile stress circuit.
Duplex Cross Joint
Duplex Cross Joint
This is a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is used where the two tap wire is under heavy tensile stress.
Western Union Short-Tie Splice
Western Union Short-Tie Splice
This is the most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring installation to extend the length of wire from one point to another.
Cross Joint
Cross Joint
The same application is done as in plain tap and the only difference is that this tap is a combination of two plain taps place side by side with each other.
Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint
Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint
This is used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire around the main wire.
Western Union Long Tie
Western Union Long Tie
This is used extensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from one end to another.
Staggering Splices
Staggering Splices
Joining small multi-conductor cables often presents a problem. Each conductor must be spliced and taped. If the splices are directly opposite each other, the overall size of the joint becomes large and bulky. A smoother and less bulky joint can be made by staggering the splices.
Philippine Electrical Code Provision in Installing Electrical Devices Summary
Philippine Electrical Code Provision in Installing Electrical Devices Summary
Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets
Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets
Layout and wiring plans for general lighting and receptacle outlets on floor plans drawn to scale, shall show:
a) Location, type and rating of lighting fixtures, indicating illumination in lux in each room or area. In residences, hotels, apartment houses, and churches, the illumination level in each room or area need not be shown nor computed;
b) Location of switches for each fixtures or group of fixtures;
c) Location of receptacle outlets and appliances to be served and their ratings;
d) Complete circuits of the lighting and receptacle outlets;
e) Complete wiring of emergency lighting system, if any;
f) A separate drawing showing layout of receptacle outlets may be made at the discretion of the design engineer
Lighting and Receptacle Loads
Lighting and Receptacle Loads
a) Panel as numbered in the feeder diagram
b) Circuit designation number
c) Number of lighting outlets in each circuit
d) Number of switches in each circuit
e) Number of receptacles outlets (convenience outlets)
f) Voltage of circuit
g) Type and size of wiring
h) Protective device rating
Receptacles, Plugs, and Connectors
Receptacles, Plugs, and Connectors
Receptacles, polarized attachment plugs, and cord connectors for plugs and polarized plugs shall have the terminal intended for connection to the grounded conductor identified as follows:
(1) Identification shall be by a metal or metal coating that is substantially white in color or by the word white or the letter W located adjacent to the identified terminal.
(2) If the terminal is not visible, the conductor entrance hole for the connection shall be colored white or marked with the word white or the letter W.
Outlet Devices
Outlet Devices
The rating or setting shall not exceed that specified in 2.10.2.3 for outlet devices.
Outlet devices shall have an ampere rating that is not less than the load to be served and shall comply with 2.10.2.3(a) and (b)
(a) Lamp Holders.
Where connected to a branch circuit having a rating in excess of 20 amperes, lamp holders shall be of the heavy-duty type. A heavy-duty lamp holder shall have a rating of not less than 660 watts if of the admedium type, or not less than 750 watts if of any other type.
(b) Receptacles.
(1) Single Receptacle on an Individual Branch Circuit. A single receptacle installed on an individual branch circuit shall have an ampere rating not less than that of the branch circuit.
Load to Receptacle
Load to Receptacle
Receptacle Ratings for Various Size Circuits
Receptacle Ratings for Various Size Circuits
Permissible Loads
Permissible Loads
In no case shall the load exceed the branch-circuit ampere rating. An individual branch circuit shall be permitted to supply any load for which it is rated. A branch circuit supplying two or more outlets or receptacles shall supply only the loads specified according to its size as specified in 2.10.2.5(a) through (d) and as summarized in 2.10.2.6 and Table 2.10.2.6.
(a) 15- and 20-Ampere Branch Circuits.
A 15- or 20-ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply lighting units or other utilization equipment, or a combination of both, and shall comply with 2.10.2.5(a)(1) and (a)(2).
(1) Cord-and-Plug-Connected Equipment Not Fastened in Place.
The rating of any one cord-and-plug-connected utilization equipment not fastened in place shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch-circuit ampere rating.
(2) Utilization Equipment Fastened in Place.
The total rating of utilization equipment fastened in place, other than luminaires (lighting fixtures), shall not exceed 50 percent of the branch-circuit ampere rating where lighting units, cord-and-plug-connected utilization equipment not fastened in place, or both, are also supplied.
(b) 30-Ampere Branch Circuits.
A 30-ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply fixed lighting units with heavy-duty lampholders in other than a dwelling unit(s) or utilization equipment in any occupancy. A rating of any one cord-and-plug-connected utilization equipment shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch-circuit ampere rating.
(c) 40- and 50-Ampere Branch Circuits.
A 40- or 50-ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply cooking appliances that are fastened in place in any occupancy. In other than dwelling units, such circuits shall be permitted to supply fixed lighting units with heavyduty lampholders, infrared heating units, or other utilization equipment.
(d) Branch Circuits Larger Than 50 Amperes.
Branch circuits larger than 50 amperes shall supply only nonlighting outlet loads. 2.10.2.6 Branch-Circuit Requirements — Summary. The requirements for circuits that have two or more outlets or receptacles, other than the receptacle circuits of 2.10.1.11(c)(1) and (c)(2), are summarized in Table 2.10.2.6. This table provides only a summary of minimum requirements. See 2.10.2.1, 2.10.2.2, and 2.10.2.3 for the specific requirements applying to branch circuits.
Common Area Branch Circuits
Common Area Branch Circuits
Branch circuits in dwelling units shall supply only loads within that dwelling unit or loads associated only with that dwelling unit. Branch circuits required for the purpose of lighting, central alarm, signal, communications, or other needs for public or common areas of a two-family or multifamily dwelling shall not be supplied from equipment that supplies an individual dwelling unit.
Summary of Branch-Circuit Requirement
Summary of Branch-Circuit Requirement
Required Outlets 2.10.3.1 General
Required Outlets 2.10.3.1 General
Receptacle outlets shall be installed as specified in 2.10.3.3 through 2.10.3.14.
(a) Cord Pendants.
A cord connector that is supplied by a permanently connected cord pendant shall be considered a receptacle outlet.
(b) Cord Connections.
A receptacle outlet shall be installed wherever flexible cords with attachment plugs are used. Where flexible cords are permitted to be permanently connected, receptacles shall be permitted to be omitted for such cords.
(c) Appliance Outlets.
Appliance receptacle outlets installed in a dwelling unit for specific appliances, such as laundry equipment, shall be installed within 1 800 mm of the intended location of the appliance.
Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlets
Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlets
This section provides requirements for 125-volt, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle outlets. Receptacle outlets required by this section shall be in addition to any receptacle that is part of a luminaire (lighting fixture) or appliance, located within cabinets or cupboards, or located more than 1 700 mm above the floor. Permanently installed electric baseboard heaters equipped with factory-installed receptacle outlets or outlets provided as a separate assembly by the manufacturer shall be permitted as the required outlet or outlets for the wall space utilized by such permanently installed heaters. Such receptacle outlets shall not be connected to the heater circuits.
(a) General Provisions.
In every kitchen, family room, dining room, living room, parlor, library, den, sunroom, bedroom, recreation room, or similar room or area of dwelling units, receptacle outlets shall be installed in accordance with the general provisions
(1) Spacing.
Receptacles shall be installed so that no point measured horizontally along the floor line in any wall space is more than 1 800 mm from a receptacle outlet.
(2) Wall Space.
As used in this section, a wall space shall include the following:
a. Any space 600 mm or more in width (including space measured around corners) and unbroken along the floor line by doorways, fireplaces, and similar openings
b. The space occupied by fixed panels in exterior walls, excluding sliding panels
c. The space afforded by fixed room dividers such as freestanding bar-type counters or railings
(3) Floor Receptacles.
Receptacle outlets in floors shall not be counted as part of the required number of receptacle outlets unless located within 450 mm of the wall.
(b) Small Appliances
(1) Receptacle Outlets Served.
In the kitchen, pantry, breakfast room, dining room, or similar area of a dwelling unit, the two or more 20-ampere small-appliance branch circuits required by 2.10.1.11(c)(1) shall serve all wall and floor receptacle outlets covered by 2.10.3.3(a), all countertop outlets covered by 2.10.3.3(c), and receptacle outlets for refrigeration equipment.
Exception No. 1:
In addition to the required receptacles specified by 2.10.3.3, switched receptacles supplied from a general-purpose branch circuit as defined in 2.10.3.21(a)(1), Exception No. 1, shall be permitted.
Exception No. 2:
The receptacle outlet for refrigeration equipment shall be permitted to be supplied from an individual branch circuit rated 15 amperes or greater.
(2) No Other Outlets.
The two or more small-appliance branch circuits specified in 2.10.3.3(b)(1) shall have no other outlets.
Exception No. 1:
A receptacle installed solely for the electrical supply to and support of an electric clock in any of the rooms specified in 2.10.3.3(b)(1).
Exception No. 2:
Receptacles installed to provide power for supplemental equipment and lighting on gas-fired ranges, ovens, or counter-mounted cooking units.
(3) Kitchen Receptacle Requirements.
Receptacles installed in a kitchen to serve countertop surfaces shall be supplied by not fewer than two small-appliance branch circuits, either or both of which shall also be permitted to supply receptacle outlets in the same kitchen and in other rooms specified in 2.10.3.3(b)(1).
Procedure in Installing Electrical Devices
Procedure in Installing Electrical Devices
Electrical tasks can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort, and resources by following an effective procedure. Most of the work cannot be done using unplanned procedures. To do the electrical tasks effectively, proper planning and preparation are required to perform the job efficiently.
The following are common steps in planning and preparing an electrical tasks.
The following are common steps in planning and preparing an electrical tasks.
- Define the Purpose
Before engaging in any tasks, one must clearly define what is the goal of doing the particular job? In doing such, one will be guided on what he/she needs to plan and prepare to. This includes the following:
1. Selecting necessary Tools, Materials, and Equipment based on job requirement
2. Obtaining necessary Tools, Materials, and Equipment based on job requirement
3. Procedure in achieving the tasks.
4. Safety measures to maintain hazard and risks-free working environment.
2. Prepare Drawing and Plans
2. Prepare Drawing and Plans
Based on the defined purpose of the project, one can now plan and prepare the technical drawings and plan. Preparing the technical drawings and plan according to the desired goal will allow the electrician to have better picture of the things that he/she wants to achieve.
Philippine Electrical Code sets the following guideline when installing layout and wiring plans for general lighting and receptacle outlets for floor plans.
Layout and wiring plans for general lighting and receptacle outlets on floor plans drawn to scale shall show:
a) Location, type and rating of lighting fixtures, indicating illumination in lux in each room or area. In residences, hotels, apartment houses, and churches, the illumination level in each room or area need not be shown nor computed;
b) Location of switches for each fixtures or group of fixtures;
c) Location of receptacle outlets and appliances to be served and their ratings;
d) Complete circuits of the lighting and receptacle outlets;
e) Complete wiring of emergency lighting system, if any;
f) A separate drawing showing layout of receptacle outlets may be made at the discretion of the design engineer
3. Follow Standard Procedure
3. Follow Standard Procedure
After setting the drawing and plans for the project, one must strictly follow standard procedure in installing wiring devices. In doing such, electricians have greater chance of success and prevent risks to themselves, other people, the equipment, and materials.
The following are some procedure of installing common electrical devices:
The following are some procedure of installing common electrical devices:
Steps In Connecting Skinned Wires to Wiring Materials
Steps In Connecting Skinned Wires to Wiring Materials
STEP 1
STEP 1
Prepare necessary tools according to job requirements like:
1. Combination Pliers
2. Side-cutting Pliers
3. Long-nose Pliers
4. Wire Stripper
5. Electrician’s Knife
6. Phillips Screwdriver
7. Flat Head Screwdriver
STEP 2
STEP 2
Prepare necessary materials according to job requirements like:
1. Wires
2. Bulb Receptacles
3. Convenience Outlet
4. Switch
5. Fuse
6. Circuit Breaker
STEP 3
STEP 3
Prepare and skin the wires according to job requirement like:
Remove insulators using wire stripper about:
1. Male Plug- 1 to 1 ½ inches long
2. Convenience Outlet- 12 mm long
3. Lampholder-12 mm long
4. Switch – 12mm long
*Make sure to check for standard wire strip required by manufacturer.
STEP 4
STEP 4
Make terminal loops using long nose pliers from your skinned wires of about 1 to 1 ½ inches long. Or you can simply coil the skinned wire around the screw to achieve the right fit.
STEP 5
STEP 5
Convenient Outlet
Insert the loop to the screw and tighten it to the convenience outlet.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be connected or attached to the terminal screw in clockwise direction.
STEP 6
STEP 6
Bulb Receptacle
Connect the skinned wire to screw terminals of the bulb receptacle.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be connected or attached to the terminal screw in clockwise direction.
STEP 7
STEP 7
Switch
Insert the loop to the screw of the switch and tighten it.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be connected or attached to the
terminal screw in clockwise
direction.
STEP 8
STEP 8
Circuit Breaker
Insert the loop to the screw of the Circuit breaker terminal and tighten it.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be connected or attached to the
terminal screw in clockwise direction.
STEP 9
STEP 9
Fuse
Insert the loop to the screw of the fuse terminal and tighten it.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be connected or attached to the
terminal screw in clockwise direction.
*Check the ampere rating)
*Put the 15a to the lighting outlet (L.O) and 20a to the convenience outlet (C.O)
4. Rubrics
4. Rubrics
As an electrician student, one must constantly check his/her ability to complete the given tasks using appropriate tools, materials, methods, and attitude. This will help you assess yourself based on the performance you exhibit, and in turn, allows you to see the areas you need to improved and enhance.
The criteria shown below are one of the common examples you can use to assess yourself:
The criteria shown below are one of the common examples you can use to assess yourself:
PERFORMANCE RUBRICS:
PERFORMANCE RUBRICS:
Legend
Legend
1-Poor 2-Fair 3-Good 4-Excellent
1-Poor 2-Fair 3-Good 4-Excellent
Accuracy - the ability to follow the procedures/directions with precision.
Workmanship - the art, skill and finality of work.
Proper handling of tools - the ability to apply proper handling of tools for a given task.
Speed - efficiency of work
Safety Procedure in Installing Electrical Devices
Safety Procedure in Installing Electrical Devices
Electrical tasks can be dangerous and fatal if not handled safely. Therefore, when engaging in any electrical tasks like wiring installation, one must not take chances. To avoid serious injuries like electric shocks, electrician must strictly observe safety procedures so that they can keep safe and prevent dangerous accidents.
The following are common safety procedures to prevent electrical injuries:
The following are common safety procedures to prevent electrical injuries:
Steps in Preventing Electrical Injuries
STEP 1
STEP 1
Prepare the right tools and equipment for the job.
It is important that we should prepare the right tools and equipment according to the job requirement to prevent hazard and risks to yourself, tools, and equipment.
*Use non-faulty tools.
*Use the tools appropriately
STEP 2
STEP 2
Prepare the right supplies and materials for the job.
It is important that we should prepare the right supplies and materials according to the job requirement to prevent hazard and risks to yourself, tools, and equipment.
*Use non-faulty supplies and materials.
*Always check manufacturers standards
STEP 3
STEP 3
Check for Local and National Code in Electrical Installation.
It is important that one must know and abide any guidelines set by the local/national authorities to prevent hazard and risks to yourself, tools, and equipment.
*Use GCFI
*Use double-insulated adopters when dealing with high voltage equipment.
*Exercise using three-pronged devices for further protection.
STEP 4
STEP 4
Wear protective gear.
Rubber soled shoes and non-conductive gloves provide a barrier. Putting a rubber mat on the floor is another effective precaution. Rubber does not conduct electricity and will help you avoid getting shocked.
*Depending on the job requirement, one can opt to use the complete PPE for further protection.
*Always check and maintain the PPE before and after using it.
STEP 5
STEP 5
Avoid water.
Store and use electric devices away from water. Water and electricity do not mix well and equipment should always be kept away from any moisture. This will prevent any accidental shocks from occurring.
· Never use electrical equipment while in the bath or shower.
· Store outdoor electrical equipment in a place where it will be kept dry, like a garage shelf
· If a plugged-in equipment falls into water, do not attempt to retrieve it until you turn off power to the corresponding circuit. Once the power is off, you may retrieve the device. Once it is dry, it can be evaluated by an electrician to see if it is suitable for future use.
· No horse joking.
“The risk of electric shock from correctly installed and maintained power sources is negligible, provided that sensible precautions are taken by the operator and correct work procedures are followed”
-Unknown
To test how much you have learned from the information given. Go to the Google Form below and answer questions given!
To test how much you have learned from the information given. Go to the Google Form below and answer questions given!
Learning Activity 3
Learning Activity 3
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
- The File Name of your output shall always be in this suggested format:
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA3
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA3
- Submit or upload your output to the Google Drive Link. Click the button below:
Module 4 Lesson 1 Activity Sheet.pdfLearning Activity 1
Learning Activity 1
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
- The File Name of your output shall always be in this suggested format:
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA1
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA1
- Submit or upload your output to the Google Drive Link. Click the button below:
Learning Activity 4
Learning Activity 4
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
Instruction: Answer the following questions that are given on the document provided and submit your answer through Google Drive Link below.
- The File Name of your output shall always be in this suggested format:
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
SurnameFNMI_LearningActivityNo.
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA4
Example: DelaCruzJP_LA4
- Submit or upload your output to the Google Drive Link. Click the button below:
Module 4 Lesson 1 Activity Sheet.pdf
References/Reading Materials
References/Reading Materials
http://www.electrical-online.com/lightsandswitches/
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/switches.html
http://www.hammerzone.com/archives/elect/panel/breaker/install.htm
https://www.bobvila.com/articles/bob-vila-radio-removing-the-knockouts-in-electrical-boxes/
https://www.familyhandyman.com/electrical/breaker-box/breaker-box-safety-how-to-connect-a-new-circuit/view-all/
https://www.sikana.tv/en/diy/access-to-electricity/how-to-add-a-circuit-breaker-to-an-electrical-panel
Jesse Kuhlman. Master Electrician. Expert Interview. 29 April 2020.
https://www.wikihow.com/Change-an-Electric-Fuse
https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Electrical-Shock
https://www.wikihow.com/Replace-a-Power-Cord-Plug
https://www.wikihow.com/Wire-an-Electrical-Socket
https://www.wikihow.com/Replace-a-Ceiling-Light-Socket
https://www.thisoldhouse.com/electrical/21019224/how-to-replace-an-extension-cord-plug
Video Materials
Video Materials
Image Sources
Image Sources
https://www.omniphilippines.com.ph/product/wso-003/
https://oldwebsite.fireflyelectric.com/product/heavy-duty-plug/
https://www.omniphilippines.com.ph/product_category/weatherproof-lamp-sockets/
https://www.omniphilippines.com.ph/product_category/wide-series-flush-type-switch/
https://www.thespruce.com/what-are-double-pole-circuit-breakers-1152727
https://www.utmel.com/blog/categories/fuses/working-principle-and-types-of-electric-fuse
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/T-splice_wire.jpg
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-12.html
https://janmclaine.wordpress.com/2017/03/03/first-blog-post/
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-soldering-not-allowed-or-common-for-home-wiring
http://reference.insulators.info/publications/view/?id=9630
https://www.electricneutron.com/wiring-techniques/conductor-splices/
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