Overview
This lesson covers the knowledge, skills, and proper attitude in identifying, performing proper use, and practicing safety handling of common electrical tools and equipment.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Cognitive Domain
Identify basic electrical tools and equipment for specific job.
Affective Domain
Practice proper and safety use of electrical tools and equipment.
Psychomotor Domain
Perform appropriate and proper use of electrical tools and equipment.
Module 1: Preparing Electrical Tools and Materials
Lesson 1: Electrical Tools and Equipment
Electrical task can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort, and resources. Most of the work cannot be done using bare hands. To do the task, electrical tools or equipment are needed to perform the job. This lesson will discuss the function/use of each tool or equipment used in electrical wiring installations.
The following are common electrical tools and equipment needed in the installation of electrical wiring.
Driving tools include a variety of steel tools used to install, repair and maintain a variety of constructions. Drivers are used to drill, insert and drive screws, nuts and bolts into surfaces with mechanical and manual force.
1. Screw Drivers
These are used to loosen or tighten screws with slotted heads and come in various sizes and shapes. Below are some types of screw drivers:
The tool used to drive a slotted screw head is called a standard, common blade, flat-blade, slot-head, straight, flat, flat-tip, or "flat-head" screwdriver.
A screwdriver that is designed to be used with a type of screw (called a Phillips-head screw) that has a slot in its top that looks like a cross.
A tool used to facilitate access to screws located in areas that cannot be reached easily by a regular screwdriver. Sometimes, screws exist in places that are not wide open and may have something blocking access to them from the opposite side.
A simple tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal sockets in their heads. The tool is usually formed of a single piece of hexagonal rod of hard steel, with blunt ends that are meant to fit snugly into the screw's socket, bent in an "L" shape with unequal arms
Striking tools is a very basic hand tools consisting of a weighted head attached to a handle.
1. Hammers
A tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of the object. This can be, for example, to drive nails into wood, to shape metal, or to crush rock.
A tool primarily used for driving nails into, or pulling nails from, some other object. Generally, a claw hammer is associated with woodworking but is not limited to use with wood products
A mallet is a block on a handle, which is usually used for driving chisels. The head on a rubber mallet is made of rubber. These types of hammers deliver softer impact than hammers with metal heads.
Besides for peening (surface hardening by impact), the ball-peen hammer is useful for many tasks, such as striking punches and chisels (usually performed with the flat face of the hammer). The peening face is useful for rounding off edges of metal pins and fasteners, such as rivets.
Splicing tools are tools used to ensure safe joining and cutting of two or more cables or wires together.
1. Pliers
These are made from metal with insulator in the handle and are used for cutting, twisting, bending, holding, and gripping wires and cables.
This is used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach spaces or small openings where other pliers cannot reach and is also used in making terminal loops of copper wires.
This is a tool used for stripping or removing the insulation of connecting wires ranging from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
Cutting Tools is any tool that is used to remove material from the work piece by means of shear deformation. Cutting may be accomplished by single-point or multipoint tools. Single-point tools are used in turning, shaping, plaining and similar operations, and remove material by means of one cutting edge.
This is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables in low and high voltage transmission lines.
This tool is used for cutting pipes/conduit and cables. It is also used for cutting big conductors.
A boring bit with its supporting boring bar and arbor, used to enlarge and accurately finish a large bore previously formed by casting or otherwise A long bar used to position a single-point tool for boring operations.
A small drilling machine with a chuck Capacity of ÂĽ to 3/8 inch, it is used in making holes on metal sheets and concrete walls.
This is a wire like boring tool used in making initial holes for split knob screws.
This is the generic class for processes and apparatus for making a measurement of any kind or for making a test of any kind, and takes all such subject matter not provided for in other classes.
This is used to measure diameter and thickness of cables, wires or conductors.
Used to measure the length of an object in centimeter and inches. This is also used to measure heights for switches and outlets.
Used to measure length, width, and thickness of short flat objects and to draw straight lines.
This is a slotted circular disk used to find the diameter or size of an electrical wire.
A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools. The most common types of power tools use electric motors.
Are not typically used for production construction drilling, but rather for occasional drilling of holes into concrete, masonry or stone. They are also used to drill holes in concrete footings to pin concrete wall forms and to drill holes in concrete floors to pin wall framing.
This is a tool for cutting many materials such as wood, masonry, plastic, or metal and may be hand-held or mounted to a machine. In woodworking the term "circular saw" refers specifically to the hand-held type and the table saw and chop saw are other common forms of circular saws.
Best used for cutting shapes and curves in wood with its narrow blade that is attached to the tool's body by a spring-loaded clamp at the front. The blade's sharp teeth are measured in TPI, or teeth per inch. A higher TPI gives a smoother cut that requires less sanding.
(Flex, angle grinding machine) is a handheld electrical power tool that is designed for cutting, cleaning and polishing of hard materials such as metal, stone, concrete and so on.
Commonly used by electricians for heat shrinking cable tubing, it is a versatile tool and its uses extend to fast drying of adhesives, testing thermostats, thawing locks, speed-drying touch up paint and will also melt soft solder.
The ammeter is the basis for many other electrical measuring instruments. Whether you are measuring volts or ohms, essentially inside the instrument you are measuring current.
Measurement of current in a circuit is somewhat problematic because all the electrical energy to be measured must pass through the meter, so there is the inconvenience of cutting open and later re-terminating the circuit. Another problem is that conventional ammeters, as incorporated in the ubiquitous multimeter, cannot dissipate heat that is greater than just a few amps.
The clamp-on ammeter is a work-around. It solves both problems by measuring the magnetic field that surrounds any current-carrying conductor. The instrument is calibrated to read amps. The user closes the jaws around an insulated current-carrying conductor. It doesn’t matter whether the conductor is centered within the jaws, and it may pass through at an angle.
For low-amp measurements, the conductor may be coiled, multiple turns passing through the jaws in the same direction, and then the total reading divided by the number of turns. A hand-held clamp-on ammeter (trade name Amprobe) can be rated as high as 600 A, making it useful for large three-phase motor work. Specialized Hall-effect instruments can read dc amps.
Unlike the ammeter, which is a series instrument, the voltmeter is placed in parallel across a component, conductor, circuit or power source. The full current does not pass through the instrument, only a small fraction of it. The exact amount depends upon the voltage being measured and the impedance of the voltmeter. The input impedance rating of the instrument is all-important and determines how accurately a given circuit can be measured. A low-impedance meter places a heavy load on the circuit under investigation. Used beyond its rating, or with a high-impedance circuit, the large voltage drop can damage the circuit.
A high-impedance voltmeter is (relatively) invisible to the circuit under investigation. Nevertheless, it should not be used at voltages exceeding its rating. CAT ratings, which vary with precisely-defined electrical environments, must be observed. These ratings are generally printed adjacent to the inputs.
The most common type of ohmmeter for general use is incorporated in the digital multimeter. Analog meters, with moving needles rather than digital readouts, are also available, and they are preferred by some old timers. They have the advantage of being more accurate outdoors in cold weather. A reflective surface behind the needle aids in eliminating error by facilitating straight-on alignment. Digital multimeters are far more widely used.
Bench-type multimeters incorporate the four-wire (Kelvin) option, which is essential for precise low-resistance measurements. Four separate probes, with alligator clip attachments, plug into four dedicated ports, and they are connected to the resistance under investigation. The four-wire setup substantially reduces the effect of cumulative resistance due to measuring leads, contact resistances and electrical paths within the meter. One pair of leads carries the test current from the meter and the other pair measures the voltage drop across the resistance under investigation. This arrangement excludes the unwanted cumulative resistance.
A pocket size tool used to test the line wire or circuit if there is current in it.
Five basic safety rules can help prevent hazards associated with the use of hand and power tools:
1. Keep all hand tools in good condition with routine maintenance.
2. Use the right tool for the job and within its intended purpose of design.
3. Examine each tool for damage prior to use and never use if damaged.
4. Operate tools within the manufacturer’s guidance.
5. Provide and use properly the correct personal protection equipment associated with the task.
Buy quality tools. Many tools, including cutters and hammers, should be made of steel and should be heat-treated.
Regularly inspect tools to make sure they are in good shape and fit for use.
Be sure to maintain your tools by performing regular maintenance, like grinding or sharpening. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Dress for the job by avoiding loose clothing or articles that can get caught in a tool’s moving parts, like jewelry.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, like leather gloves.
Use the right tool for the job. In other words, don’t try to use a wrench as a hammer.
Make sure that your feet are planted on a stable surface.
Be aware of the people around you and make sure they stay clear of the tools you are using.
Never carry tools up a ladder by hand. Instead, use a bucket or bag to hoist tools from the ground to the worker.
When working at heights, never leave tools lying out in the areas where they could present a hazard to workers below.
When appropriate, secure work with a clamp or vise to keep it from slipping.
Never carry pointed tools in your pocket. Carry them in a toolbox or cart instead.
Inspect your tools on a regular basis, checking for damage. Report damaged tools to your supervisor.
Make sure to keep extra tools handy in case the tool you had planned to use is damaged.
Make sure tools are stored in a safe place.
Keep floors dry and clean to avoid slipping while working with or around dangerous tools.
Keep cords from presenting a tripping hazard.
Never carry a power tool by its cord.
Use tools that are double-insulated or have a three-pronged cord and are plugged into a grounded receptacle.
Do not use electric tools in wet conditions unless they are approved for that use.
Use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) or an assured grounding program.
Electrical PPE is worn to prevent exposure to electrical hazards. Electrical Protective Equipment falls into two categories: Electrical PPE (PPE) and Insulating Protective Equipment (IPE) Electrical (PPE). PPE refers to items typically worn by a worker to provide protection from recognized hazards.
Now! It is time to show us what you've got! Challenge yourself by performing the given activities below.
REMEMBER: Always follow directions.
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/power_tools/saf_elec.html
https://societyinsurance.com/blog/proper-use-of-tools-and-other-common-equipment/
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/hand_tools/general.html
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/handtools/hazards.html
http://www.mnltap.umn.edu/topics/workplace/personal_protection_equipment/index.html
https://www.pngfind.com/pngs/m/112-1129577_png-32561-klein-stubby-screwdriver-transparent-png.png
https://www.pngegg.com/en/png-pyxkv
https://www.pngfind.com/mpng/imxhTxT_hand-tool-diagonal-pliers-cutting-side-cutting-pliers/
https://image.pngaaa.com/649/2455649-middle.png
https://www.pikpng.com/pngl/m/291-2914627_hacksaw-png-pic-hacksaw-dewalt-clipart.png
https://e7.pngegg.com/pngimages/670/438/png-clipart-tool-gimlet-screw-pickaxe-wood-tool-gimlet.png
https://www.pngfind.com/mpng/iJiJRRh_standard-wire-gauge-wire-gauge-hd-png-download/