This article lays out a framework for how to facilitate online collaboration and what to do in establishing community and norms when it comes to teaching online. The framework is laid out into four parts: creating groups, establishing expectations, communication tools, and assignments and activities. There is a lot more to collaborating than just asking students to work together on an activity; it is establishing norms, creating groups on like-minded interest, and what tools are we going to use in order to collaborate. 

This piece describes a case study done on online collaboration through an online course. It discusses asynchronous and synchronous courses and how students collaborated throughout the semester. The five main themes highlighted are: set the stage for collaboration, building a safe community, model desired expectations, guide the collaboration process, and assess the collaboration process and outcomes.