Long-term English Learners have typically become nonparticipants in school, in part because they have lacked the language to understand instruction, feel uncomfortable about not adequately comprehending and being afraid of making mistakes and being ridiculed. They do not easily drop their card and frequently resist a teacher's enthusiastic efforts to get students to participate. Teachers of long-term English Learners classes find that it is important to build relationships with their students and also to create a climate in the classroom that fosters safe, trusting relationships among students. In part, a safe and trusting classroom is created through the act of inviting sharing, creating activities in which students can talk about their experiences and what they know, working with students to understand how they are doing and what steps they can take to reach their goals, and front loading the material they need to comprehend for their academic classes. Students see that the class and this teacher are on their side.
John Hattie's research supports this concept of student engagement. Effects like belonging and teacher-student relationships all have the potential to accelerate student achievement, many have the potential to considerably accelerate student achievement.