Basic 2 - AVS

Pilots get to operate some of the cutting-edge military aircraft in the RNZAF fleet. RNZAF Pilots train to operate the A109 Light Utility Helicopter, P-3K2 Orion, C-130H Hercules or Boeing 757.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/pilot/?service=9

Air Warfare Officer

An Air Warfare Officer holds a key position flying and operating two of the RNZAF’s most capable and technologically advanced aircraft – the P-3K2 Orion or the C-130 Hercules. The role has two distinct employment specialisations depending on the aircraft type they operate.

The Orion has three Air Warfare Officers in its crew:

an Information Manager
a Sensor Employment Manager
a Tactical Coordinator

The C-130 has one Air Warfare Officer on board whose role combines aspects of the three specialist areas.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/air-warfare-officer/?service=9

Air Warfare Specialist

An Air Warfare Specialists primary role is to utilise the P-3K2 Orion’s highly advanced sensor systems to collect and analyse information in the aircraft’s area of interest. They are responsible for the effective operation of a number of high-tech onboard systems including the radar, electronic surveillance, electro-optics, magnetic anomaly detector and acoustic sensor systems.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/air-warfare-specialist/?service=9

Flight Steward

A Flight Steward is ready and able to take action in the event of an inflight or ground emergency and receive all the training required to enable them to control emergency situations, operate emergency equipment, administer first aid and direct passenger evacuation. They also have duties before, during, and after flight.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/flight-steward/?service=9

Helicopter Loadmaster

A Helicopter Loadmaster is a key member of the RNZAF, 3 Squadron helicopter crew. They manage the passengers and all cargo in the cabin. They also operate the door guns, rescue hoist and underslung loads.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/helicopter-loadmaster/?service=9

Parachute Jump Instructor

A Parachute Jump Instructor is required to teach members of the New Zealand Defence Force to make descents ranging from 800 to 12,000 feet in various situations. They instruct pilots and other aircrew how to handle parachutes should they need to bail out and Army personnel how to descend into enemy territory. They also conduct display descents as part of the RNZAF Parachute Display Team, Kiwi Blue.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/parachute-jump-instructor/?service=9

RNZAF non-Aircrew

Engineering Officer

An Engineering Officer leads teams of highly skilled technicians operating in a fast paced and dynamic environment. They are responsible for the acquisition, maintenance and through-life support of all NZDF aircraft and aeronautical equipment.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/engineering-officer/?service=9

Aeronautical Structures Technician

An Aeronautical Structures Technician is jointly responsible for maintaining all aircraft mechanical systems and a limited number of simple electronics systems used on the RNZA aircraft. These systems include aircraft structures, flight controls, engines, propellers, helicopter rotors, hydraulics, pneumatics, landing gear and fuel.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/aeronautical-structures-technician/?service=9

Aircraft Technician

An Aircraft Technician is a member of the ground crew, jointly responsible for maintaining all aircraft mechanical systems and a limited number of simple electronics systems used on the RNZAF aircraft. These systems include aircraft structures, flight controls, engines, propellers, helicopter rotors, hydraulics, pneumatics, landing gear and fuel.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/aircraft-technician/?service=9

Armament Technician

An Armament Technician in the RNZAF is demanding and carries great responsibility. This varied role includes being responsible for maintaining military firearms, explosives demolition, countermeasures, guided missiles and general munitions support for the RNZAF fleet of aircraft.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/armament-technician/?service=9

Aviation Fuel Specialist

An Aviation Fuel Specialist is responsible for the quality control testing of aviation fuel held in storage at RNZAF bases and the refuelling of RNZAF and visiting Nations aircraft. This includes the testing and receipting of aviation fuel delivered to bases, the loading and routine maintenance of RNZAF refuelling vehicles and the provision of fuelling operations to aircraft.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/aviation-fuel-specialist/?service=9

Electronics Technician (Aviation)

An Electronics Technician has the opportunity to work with modern electronic systems and a limited number of simple mechanical systems fitted to military aircraft. They carry out all aspects of equipment installation, testing, troubleshooting, maintenance and repair.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/electronics-technician/?service=9

Safety & Surface Technician

Safety & Surface Technicians have one of the most varied roles in the RNZAF. Safety and Surface is essentially the banner for three aeronautical engineering specialisations:

Aerial Delivery Equipment - parachute rigging
Aeronautical Finishing - removal and application of surface finishes as well as repair and manufacture of aeronautical fabric and upholstery components.
Aeronautical Life Support Equipment - maintenance of aircrew helmets, oxygen and smoke masks, life preservers, flying clothing, immersion suits, life rafts, and helicopter emergency floatation systems

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/safety-and-surface-technician/?service=9

GSE Technician

A GSE Technician is a member of the ground crew, responsible for maintaining the ground-based equipment required to support military air operations, including keeping a tented camp on overseas operations running.

https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/browse-roles/gse-technician/?service=9

For more information about any of these careers you should check out https://www.defencecareers.mil.nz/air-force/careers/.

This website covers all the entry requirements, more detailed job descriptions, salary and benefits, and details on how to apply.

Civilian Careers

Pilots

The starting point is at your local aero club with a goal of your Private Pilots Licence (PPL). After gaining your PPL you can move on towards your Commercial Pilots Licence (CPL) and your instructor rating. This can also be done through you local Aero Club.

Air Traffic Controllers

The Air Traffic Controller directs the safe and orderly movement of aircraft while they are flying, landing, taking off or taxiing. The Airways Corporation runs National Certificate in Air Traffic Services.

Airport Maintenance Worker

The Airport Maintenance Worker maintains airport grounds and buildings. A National Certificate in Airport Operations is available and training is carried out on the job at various airports around the country.

Flight Attendant

A Flight Attendant takes care of the passengers’ needs and safety while they are in the aircraft. Training for a National Certificate in travel or a specific Flight Attendants course can be carried out at a Polytechnic, with a private provider or on the job with an airline such as Air New Zealand.

Aircraft Loader/Cleaner

Aircraft Loader/Cleaners load and unload aircraft, transfer freight, baggage and passengers between airport buildings and the aircraft. They also clean the inside of the aircraft between flights. On the job training is supplied with the aim of completing the National Certificate in Airport Operations.

Aircraft Refueller

The Aviation Refueller replenishes aircraft with fuel at the various airports around the country. On the job training is carried out with the aim of completing the National Certificate in Airport Operations.

Aircraft Engineer

The Aircraft Engineer maintains and repairs the engine, body and wings, etc of an aircraft. Training is provided through private providers, on the job training and the modern apprenticeship scheme with the aim of completing the National Certificate in Aeronautical Engineering.

Aeronautical Engineer

The Aeronautical Engineer provides technical support and approved technical data for use in repair, maintenance and modification of aircraft. Training is provided through private providers, on the job training and the modern apprenticeship scheme with the aim of completing the National Certificate in Aeronautical Engineering.

Avionics Engineer

The Avionics Engineer maintains and repairs an aircraft’s electrical, instrument and radio systems. Training is provided through private providers, on the job training and the modern apprenticeship scheme with the aim of completing the National Certificate in Aeronautical Engineering.

AVS 2.2 - Air Navigation

AVS 2.3 - Propulsion

Lesson Objective: To identify the different types of propulsion used in aviation and recall how they work.

Lesson Scope:

Reciprocating Engines
Jet Engines

Reference: Encyclopaedia Britannica

Reciprocating Engines

Often an internal-combustion piston engine is used, especially for smaller planes. They are of various types, based on the arrangement of the cylinders. Horizontally opposed engines employ four to six cylinders lying flat and arrayed two or three on each side. In a radial engine the cylinders (ranging from 5 to as many as 28, depending on engine size) are mounted in a circle around the crankshaft, sometimes in banks of two or more. Once the dominant piston-engine type, radials are now in only limited production; most new requirements are met by remanufacturing existing stock.

Four to eight cylinders may be aligned one behind the other in an in-line engine; the cylinders may be upright or inverted, the inverted having the crankshaft above the cylinders. V-type in-line engines, with the cylinders arranged in banks of three, four, or six, also are used.

An early type of engine in which the propeller is affixed to the body of the cylinders, which rotate around a stationary crankshaft, is the rotary engine. Modern rotary engines are patterned after the Wankel principle of internal-combustion engines.

Automobile and other small engines are modified for use in homebuilt and ultralight aircraft. These include two-stroke, rotary, and small versions of the conventional horizontally opposed type.

Early in aviation history, most aircraft engines were liquid-cooled, first by water, then by a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, the air-cooled rotaries being an exception. After Charles Lindbergh’s epic transatlantic flight in 1927, a trend began toward radial air-cooled engines for reasons of reliability, simplicity, and weight reduction, especially after streamlined cowlings (covers surrounding aircraft engines) were developed to smooth out air flow and aid cooling. Designers continued to use liquid-cooled engines when low frontal drag was an important consideration. Because of advances in engine cooling technology, there has emerged a minor trend to return to liquid-cooled engines for higher efficiency.

Internal-Combustion Piston Engine Mechanism

The 4-stages can also be called: Suck, Squeeze, Bang, and Blow.

Radial engine timing and cam mechanism (may take a moment to load)

Examples:

The Rolls-Royce Merlin

British liquid-cooled V-12 piston aero engine of 27-litres.

Used in large bombers like the Avro Lancaster and small interceptors like the Supermarine Spitfire

Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major

American 28-cylinder four-row radial piston aircraft engine.

Used in dozens of US aircraft but most notably in the Strategic Bomber, Boeing B-50 Superfortress.

Jet Engines

The gas turbine engine has almost completely replaced the reciprocating engine for aircraft propulsion. Jet engines derive thrust by ejecting the products of combustion in a jet at high speed. A turbine engine that passes all the air through the combustion chamber is called a turbojet. Because its basic design employs rotating rather than reciprocating parts, a turbojet is far simpler than a reciprocating engine of equivalent power, weighs less, is more reliable, requires less maintenance, and has a far greater potential for generating power. It consumes fuel at a faster rate, but the fuel is less expensive. In simplest terms, a jet engine ingests air, heats it, and ejects it at high speed. Thus in a turbojet, ambient air is taken in at the engine inlet (induction), compressed about 10 to 15 times in a compressor consisting of rotor and stator blades (compression), and introduced into a combustion chamber where igniters ignite the injected fuel (combustion). The resulting combustion produces high temperatures (on the order of 1,400 to 1,900 °F [760 to 1,040 °C]). The expanding hot gases pass through a multistage turbine, which turns the air compressor through a coaxial shaft, and then into a discharge nozzle, thereby producing thrust from the high-velocity stream of gases being ejected to the rear (exhaust).

The Turbofan

A turbofan is a turbine engine having a large low-pressure fan ahead of the compressor section; the low-pressure air is allowed to bypass the compressor and turbine, to mix with the jet stream, increasing the mass of accelerated air. This system of moving large volumes of air at a slower speed raises efficiency and cuts both fuel consumption and noise.

The Turboprop

A turboprop is a turbine engine connected by a reduction gearbox to a propeller. Turboprop engines are typically smaller and lighter than a piston engine, produce more power, and burn more but cheaper fuel.

The Ramjet

A ramjet is an air-breathing engine that, after being accelerated to high speeds, acts like a turbojet without the need for a compressor or turbine. A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is an engine designed for speeds beyond Mach 6, which mixes fuel into air flowing through it at supersonic speeds; it is intended for hypersonic aircraft.

Examples:

Pratt & Whitney F135

An After-burning Turbofan developed for the new generation, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II

SJY61 Supersonic Combustion ramjet

Seen here in the Boeing X-51 Waverider, an unmanned research scramjet experimental aircraft capable of Mach 6 (6400km/h)

Kahoot:

https://kahoot.it/challenge/09040960?challenge-id=e36308c8-6eb0-4141-822d-4828d7a22426_1590463951852

Available til Wednesday 27th MAY at 11pm. Please use your surnames and number your attempts. I'd like to see 100% from everyone this week.

AVS Revision

Objective: Recall the key points from the Aviations Studies lessons provided to 2nd years.

Scope:

AVS 2.1 - Careers in the RNZAF and Civilian Aviation
AVS 2.3 - Propulsion

References: (See individual lessons)

Using the resources on this page, familiarise yourself with the key points.

Once you have done that, attempt the Kahoot below.

https://kahoot.it/challenge/03436601?challenge-id=e36308c8-6eb0-4141-822d-4828d7a22426_1600155527510

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