O&O, Chap. 1-3; 7-8 (CANVAS)
Reserve Reading #1 & #2 (LR)
Expand awareness of the complexities of global issues
Foster analytical thinking
Enhance technical knowledge about earth science
Emphasize clear writing skills
Watch the movie, HOME, and then identify one major global problems covered in the movie that relates to energy supply or energy management.
Provide at least one solution for that problem.
Link to movie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU
Prepare your commentary for submission on Blackboard.
This is an individual assignment and your paper should be uniquely different from any other student's paper.
Prepare an initial draft of paper and edit for spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, style and content
Submit Final Draft (limit to one page, use word processor, post on Blackboard website under "Assignments" - Assignment 1).
Due Date: Due dates are posted on Blackboard.
Review tenets of "systems theory"
Foster analytical thinking
Link theoretical constructs and practical applications
Understand complexity of major environmental disasters
Find Reserve Reading #1 (Blackboard Content Folder)
Watch the video lecture on Systems Theory. The link is listed below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8SoMztCXzo
After watching the lecture, choose an important or well publicized ecological disaster such as the Fukushima, Japan nuclear reactor meltdown following a large earthquake and tsunami, or the the Chernobyl, Ukraine explosion and fire disaster in 1986, or the BP Oil Leak in the Gulf of Mexico.
Then prepare a commentary showing how your chosen case study could be analyzed using systems theory...use specific terminology from the lecture.
Bring your comments to class for a structured discussion (date to be announced)
You will submit your rough comments at the end of class for participation credit (about 10 students will be called on randomly to share their comments orally).
Due Date: Due date posted on Blackboard.
Attitudes about energy
International and global implications
How do systems work?
Pattern of Thinking Styles
Energy in Nature
Energy Concepts
Energy and systems
Managing energy systems
Energy Flow
Work
Power
BTU
Calorie
Horsepower
Foot-pound
Joule
Erg
Watt
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Trophic Dynamics
Ohm's Law
Fossil fuels
Food Webs
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Primary Productivity
Electromagnetic force (EMF)
Energy transformation
Entropy
Negative entropy
Homeostasis
Equifinality
End Use Sector
Conversion efficiency
Operational Energy
Producers
Consumers
Energy Storage
Energy Interaction
Heat Loss
Textbook (Braun & Glidden) - Chapter 1-2
O&O, Chap. 4-6; 9-10 (CANVAS)
Draft Energy Flow Diagram (Week 3)
Expand awareness of personal energy use
Foster analytical thinking
Link business decisions and energy implications
Emphasize spreadsheet skills
Record all energy use for 7 days (electricity, driving/riding, heating, hot water) - See Blackboard "Course Documents" for a template form.
To assess hot water, record total # minutes in shower each day.
For driving/riding, record miles driven (calculate gallons of gasoline used, based on miles per gallon rating of car used).
For electricity, record #minutes (hours) of usage for each appliance and lights (check wattage of bulbs used in lamps; note wattage of each appliance).
Calculate kwh for all electricity used ([watts x hours of usage]/1000 = kwh).
Convert kwh and gallons of gasoline used to MBTU (million BTUs).
Hot water use and space heating/air conditioning will be estimated, using information from University records or utility bills, based on type of residence for each person.
Submit Energy Diary in good formusing the Excel spreadsheet.
Determine from your Diary some possible energy savings (add up total MBTUs of possible Energy Saved; report this amount to professor for master chart on your spreadsheet).
You cannot receive an A for this assignment if your diary does not conform to the guidelines and/or if your data cannot be incorporated into the class summary.
When you receive the class statistics on personal energy consumption, prepare a report with the following components:
Introduction
Methods Used
Results (Include Individual Diary sheets, Overall Class Data Table and Yearly Comparison Graph provided by professor, along with one graph showing two comparisons of your choice
Discussion of data and its meaning
Conclusions and Recommendations (include at least 2 conclusions about the data, and at least 2 recommendations for change)
Due Date: Due dates for submission of your Energy Diary and the Final Team Report will be posted on Blackboard.
Production & Consumption Patterns
How Energy Makes Things Work
End Use Sectors
Energy Flow/Economic Implications
Basic Principles of Pollution
Global Environmental Issues
Producers
Herbivores
Carnivores
Decomposers
Food Webs
Fossil Fuels
Nuclear
Solar
Geothermal
Tidal
Wind Conversion
Fuel Cells
Embodied Energy
Net Energy Yield
Higher Quality Energy
Opportunity Costs
Conversion Efficiency
Transmission Losses
Entropy
Methyl Mercury
Greenhouse Gases
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Acid Deposition
Surface Mining
Radioisotopes
Emissions vs. Effluents
Textbook (Braun & Glidden) - Chapter 3
Other Readings TBA
Sources of Energy to Power Society - Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Reactors, Renewables (fuel cycles, energy flows, cost/benefit analysis)
Electric Utility Industry (generation, transmission, utilization patterns)
Energy Flow Patterns in the U.S. (primary fuels, secondary fuels, end users)
Nuclear Issues (technology, safety, accidents, economic complexities)
Business and Energy Technology (economic implications - resource base, waste management, pollution avoidance)
Energy Politics & Decision Making (governmental, legal and political linkages)
Challenges of Pollution (types of pollution, waste management, pollution prevention/avoidance)
Additional Pollution Problems & Conventional Energy
Student Presentations - Past Semesters (usage patterns & fuel cycles)--see Blackboard "Content" folder for Spring 2019 presentations
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Tar Sands
Shale Oil (Kerogen)
Nuclear Fission
Transmission Efficiency
Energy Use Sectors
Fuel Cycle Analysis
Retorting
Bituminous
Anthracite
Surface Mining
Deep Mining
Drilling Platform
Petrochemicals (feedstocks)
Nimbyism
U-235
Half-life
Fuel Rods
Control Rods
LMFBRs
Moderator
Light Water Reactor
Graphite Cooled Reactors
Chernobyl
Three Mile Island
SURFs
Transuranic Wastes
High Level Radioactive Wastes
Yucca Mountain
Decommissioning
LOCA
Core Meltdown
Somatic vs. Genetic Damage
Chronic vs. Acute Exposure
Radon-222
Nuclear Fusion
Tokamak
Textbook (Braun & Glidden) - Chapter 3
Other Readings TBA
Sources of Energy to Power Society - Renewables (fuel cycles, energy flows, cost/benefit analysis)
Electric Utility Industry (generation, transmission, utilization patterns)
Energy Flow Patterns in the U.S. (primary fuels, secondary fuels, end users)
Business and Energy Technology (economic implications - resource base, waste management, pollution avoidance)
Energy Politics & Decision Making (governmental, legal and political linkages)
Student Presentations (usage patterns & fuel cycles)--see CANVAS folder for Spring 2022 presentations
Wind turbine elements
Solar technology components
Environmental impacts of renewables (some yet unknown)
Distributed vs. Centralized Sources for Electrical Generation
Sustainable supply chains
Geographical differences
Capitalizing renewable energy infrastructure
Hybridizing technology applications
Nimbyism - Community Energy Solutions
Transportation challenges
Municipal Climate Change Plans
15 March 2022
Textbook chapters are listed below with each topic area
(Odum & Odum chapters and Reserve Reading 1, 2, 3 & 4 - posted on CANVAS - "Odum & Odum Readings" and "Other Reserve Readings")
Be familiar with the terms listed on the Lecture Outlines (topics above OR links below). Also see list below at bottom of this page for a few additional terms associated with class discussion
(Weeks 1 - 6)
NOTE: PowerPoint lecture slides are posted on CANVAS (under "Modules")
Objective Questions (60%); Short Answer and Discussion Questions and Problem Solving (40%)
ONLINE EXAM REVIEW SESSION - If requested by at least 5 students - Time To Be Arranged (TBA)
Professor Langlois will be available during Virtual Office Hours for answering specific questions.
Weeks 1-2
§ All topics
§ PowerPoint Lectures Included (#s 1A, 1B ,2)
§ Textbook - Chaps. 1
§ Odum & Odum - Chaps. 1, 2 & 3
§ Documentary - "HOME"
§Optional outline for topics - Interactive Online Syllabus https://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/ems/emslect1.htm
Weeks 3-5
§ All Topics
§ PowerPoint Lectures Included (#s 3, 4A, 4B, 5A & 5B)
§ Textbook - Chap. 1,2
§ Outline for topics - Interactive Online Syllabus https://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/ems/emslect3.htm
Weeks 6-7
§ Primary Sources and Secondary Supply of Energy for Human Activity; Global Energy Patterns; Implementing Renewable Energy Infrastructure
§ PowerPoint Lectures Included (# 6 and Team Presentation Slides)
§ Textbook - Chap. 3,4,6,8
§ Optional outline for topics - Interactive Online Syllabus https://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/ems/emslect6.htm
Be familiar with the "Focus Questions"
§ (Weeks 1-2, Weeks 3-4 and Weeks 5-6) - Interactive Syllabus (see topics on this page for Weeks 1-6 or links above)
Be able to draw or interpret Energy Flow Diagrams, including Odum symbols:
§ See Lecture #1 and Odum & Odum, Chapters 1-3
Be familiar with Practice Problems 1,2,3 & 7 (Use "Answers" link at page below for solutions):
§ https://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/ems/emsproblems.htm
Practice Problems
1. How many MBTUs would be provided by 1.2 kg of uranium? How would this compare with the mBTUs associated with 42 barrels of crude oil? Convert your answer (MBTUs) to Quads (quadrillion BTUs) and kwh (electricity equivalent).
2. How much work (ft*lbs) is done when a 275 pound (lb) man climbs a flight of stairs that are 11 ft high? If this activity is completed in 4.5 seconds, what is the power generated (number of horsepower)? What would be the equivalent of this power in Watts?
3. Which is the better fuel to buy for heating a building, given the following information? Needed: 250 MBTU heating equivalency; Price of oil = $1.95/gal; Price of natural gas = $0.41/ccf; Price of electricity = $0.08/kwh. How to begin: How much of each fuel would be needed to provide approximately the amount of heat needed? How would the fuel costs compare (assume that your heating system can use either fuel). Use references to find heating equivalencies. What other facts might need to be considered (e.g., floor space, use of building, delivery schedules, location, etc.)
4. If 1,600 gallons of fuel oil (assume the same heat content as petroleum) were used to produce electricity in a generating facility, and we assume a 34% overall efficiency, how much electrical energy was produced?
5. Which has a greater heat content - 2 tons of hard coal, or 1 barrel of petroleum? What is the ratio between the two fuels? Would a cord of wood be higher or lower than the petroleum? How much? (Energy Equivalency: 20 million BTUs/cord of wood)
6. If you weighed 130 lbs. and carried your nephew (wt = 22 lbs.) up two flights of stairs (11 feet for each flight), how much work was done in ft*lbs? In joules? How many horsepower were generated if you completed this work in 8 seconds? How many watts?
7. If your energy consumption for appliances for one week is 0.125 MBTU, your driving required 15 gallons of gasoline, and your heating system consumed 24 gallons of heating oil, what was your total energy consumption for the week in MBTUs? What is the kwh equivalent for this amount of energy consumed?
§ Review the lectures and discussions included with each of the three outlines above & compare with your notes
§ Team Presentations - Posted on CANVAS in Modules folder
§ Review for general understanding - no need to memorize exact statistics
§ Other Topics for Short Answer Questions
Complexities of global energy distribution system (some examples below)
§ MidEast conflicts (Iran/Syria/Saudi Arabia); China's energy policies, economic growth, overpopulation, investment in renewable energy;
§ Nigeria's political instability (main supplier of U.S. oil for gasoline); conflicts over water use for processing tar sands and shale oil in Canada and U.S., or for utilizing surface mining techniques such as coal extraction or fracking activities (https://www.iea.org/articles/nigeria-energy-outlook )
§ Impacts of pipelines in tundra regions in Alaska and Siberia, coupled with climate change in the Arctic (melting of permafrost); sharing of Arctic resources;
§ Economic Dynamics of Energy Distribution System; Governmental Roles/Private Sector Business
§ (stakeholders, policy making, subsidies, lobbying, global competition)
§ Natural Capitalism Concept
§ (Natural, Human, Infrastructural and Financial Capital)
§ Links of energy use with infrastructure maintenance; entropy losses due to deterioration; need for updating energy grids
§ Increased demand for petroleum products vs. supply and distribution; Global effects of pollution arising from use of fossil fuels
§ Role of fossil fuels underlying the present Russian invasion of Ukraine
Be able to describe ONE EXAMPLE of international influence on a current U.S. energy policy/problem
§ Sources of information might include the following: class discussion, newspaper & journal articles, Web research (e.g., Nigeria, Middle East, Venezuela, China, Russia, Ukraine, etc.)
Some Additional Terms to Include
§ Carbon Footprint
§ Earth's Energy Flow
§ Embodied Energy (Odum & Odum's book on Energy Flow)
§ Energy Flow Diagrams (symbols were provided in lecture)
§ Ethanol production from corn - effects on food supplies
§ Fuel Cycle Analysis (determining the real costs of different options)
§ Global Climate Change Effects - role of IPCC
§ Hybrid Vehicles and Reduction of Urban Air Pollution
§ Infrastructure and Systems Management Challenges
§ Methylmercury
§ "Mr. Goodenergy"
§ Natural Capitalism
§ Dependency Upon Nigerian Crude Oil for Gasoline Production
§ Organic Compounds (compounds with C-H bonds)
§ Petroleum Hydrocarbons
§ Stratosphere Damage from Chlorofluorocarbons (Role of CFC's)
§ Sustainable Energy Supply
Be prepared to answer ONE of the following essay questions - Your choice
DO NOT BRING NOTES - FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING THE ISSUE - THESE SAME QUESTION CHOICES WILL APPEAR ON YOUR EXAM...CHOOSE ONIE.
§ (1) Why is recycling considered to be more energy-efficient than a "throwaway" model for managing materials? Hint: Include "embodied energy" and conversion efficiencies, and consider avoided costs of waste disposal, along with the availability of recyclables for manufacturing uses.
§ (2) Why does population and economic growth in India, China, and other parts of Asia represent such a significant factor in curbing the increase of greenhouse gases worldwide? How are the impacts of growth in developing countries different from that of developed regions like the U.S. or the European Union?
§ (3) What are some of the ways that worldwide food production will be changed by further warming trends on the earth? Who will be affected most severely?
§ (4) How does the concept of natural capitalism apply to our present urgent challenges of climate change mitigation? Be specific.
§ (5) Why is Southeast Asia particularly vulnerable to global climate change patterns (many reasons--include some of them)? Will the developing nations be able to save themselves?
§ (6) What can we learn about managing future energy systems more effectively by looking at historic trends of energy use? What challenges face energy managers of today? How can we instill new mindsets about the value of energy efficiency, i.e., changing how we frame the problems and solutions?
§ (7) Do you think larger systems are more energy efficient than smaller ones? Why or why not? Do renewable energy applications need to be very large in order to work? Why or why not?
§ (8) What are some of the main economic and environmental issues associated with the melting of ice sheets in the Arctic Ocean, which is also opening up shipping lanes in new locations and for longer periods?
§ (9) How is our current pandemic of COVID-19 going to affect energy consumption patterns, including the challenges of climate disruption and political conflicts that are occurring unevenly around the world?
§ (10) What do developing Caribbean nations like Suriname do in the face of current realities (climate change, pandemic realities, extensive poverty in the Interior Lands, etc.)?
Material to be Covered: Lecture, Reading, and Discussion Materials
List of terms associated with each of the Lecture Overviews on Energy Management Strategies website (for lectures indicated on the Course Outline
Readings from Textbook Class Discussion
Other Readings included in Course
Other Sources of Information - Team Presentations on Energy Production and Consumption (PowerPoint slides posted on CANVAS) - Please review Team Presentations for general knowledge
TOPICS FOR THE FINAL EXAM
General Concepts - Comprehensive Material:
Systems Theory (entropy, negative entropy, feedback, homeostasis, embodied energy, net yields) - Lecture 2
Resistance to changing our approach to energy management (we like to keep following familiar patterns) Lecture 4
Fuel Cycle Analysis (energy consumption/utilization across entire fuel cycle, including mining, processing, production, decommissioning, pollution cleanup, etc.) Lecture 1
End Use Sectors (4 sectors - Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation) Lecture 5B
Economic Issues (opportunity costs; substitutability; external costs; embodied energy) Lecture 1
Thinking Styles (characteristics of 5 styles...know your own pattern; how thinking styles influence energy management strategies and policymaking) Lecture 3
Concept of Natural Capitalism (natural, human, infrastructure and financial capital all required for a capitalistic economy)
Recent Concepts Since Midterm Exam:
Renewable Energy
Characterize each application by the following:
*Who are the main users?
*What are the main applications for each type of renewable energy?
*How does each one work (in general)?
(Refer to textbook for general explanation)
Solar Applications (passive solar building design, active solar panels for space and water heathing; photovoltaics for converting sunlight into electricity; solar towers for high intensity electrical production) - See DOE Report on Future of Solar Energy in U.S.
Wind Turbines (different designs for turbines; suitable conditions for production and utilization of wind power (small and large applications)
Geothermal Sources (differentiate between low tech, small scale applications and high heat; large production applications; importance of sizing facility to match the locale; community geothermal projects)
Hydropower (small scale such as "run of river" turbines; or large scale dams of large rivers; China's Three Gorges hydropower project; conflicts with Wild River advocates in the U.S.)
Tidal Power (captures the kinetic energy associated with tidal exchange being forced through a narrow inlet, then spreading across a broad tidal flat, and then reversed as the tide goes back out to sea; present applications; drawbacks)
Fuel Cells (chemical reactions stimulated by a hydrogen-containing fuel in combination with air, which creates an electrical current; arrays of fuel cells can be combined to generate needed amounts of power; sources of hydrogen for fuel cells)
Waste to Energy Facilities (types of waste for source materials, useful applications, environmental constraints)
Biofuels (Sources; advantages; applications, e.g., biodiesel; conflicts with food supplies; biogas from organic wastes)
See Lecture 5B, Team Presentations, and Textbook Chapters
Nuclear Power
Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Know basic process for nuclear fission (converting nuclear power to electricity - fuel, reactor design, turbine, generator, electrical grid distribution to users)
Economics of Nuclear Power (fuel cycle, determinants of nuclear costs, decommissioning; accidents)
Safety Issues (Lessons learned from reactor accidents - Chernobyl, Ukraine; Three-Mile Island, Pennsylvania, U.S.; Fukushima, Japan)
Nuclear Waste Disposal (design and usage of new underground disposal sites)
Decommissioning process (various alternatives for closing down facilities)
Chernobyl, Ukraine nuclear accident (short- and long-term effects; Trace of the Black Wind readings--chapters are posted on CANVAS - read 2 chapters); Nuclear Accidents: Pripyat, Ukraine or Fukushima, Japan (serious nuclear reactor accidents); Harrisonburg, PA (Site of Three Mile Island nuclear reactor accident)
Improvements to Chernobyl reactor; threats from Russian invasion of Ukraine
See Lectures 9A, 9B & 9C on CANVAS
Important Locations & Issues
Oil Spills: Know about the following examples of a major oil spill or accidents
Prudence Island, Narragansett Bay, RI (site of research project for Professor Langlois for evaluating a cleanup of oil contamination from an old gasoline-contaminated site); https://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/islands/prudenceoilstudy.htm
Prince William Sound, Alaska (site of EXXON Valdez oil spill; prompted the passage of a U.S. federal law, the Oil Pollution Control Act)
BP Oil Accident - Gulf of Mexico - Deepwater drilling accident that persisted and caused widespread damage
Climate Change
IPCC Meetings: Geneva, Switzerland (COP-26) - 31 October to 13 November 2021 - A High-level Event on Global Climate Action in Glasgow, Scotland - Set Detailed Goals; https://unfccc.int/conference/glasgow-climate-change-conference-october-november-2021#:~:text=The%20COP%2026%20UN%20Climate,SEC)%20in%20Glasgow%2C%20UK.
IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C (SR-15)
https://www.ipcc.ch/2018/10/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/
Home Page - IPCC - https://www.ipcc.ch/ and https://www.ipcc.ch/about
Climate Change Impacts - See Lecture 8
Energy Conservation
Energy Auditing Techniques (Stages of an energy audit; ECOs; stakeholders; follow-up & monitoring; payback calculations) - Lecture 11
Levels I, II, III Actions for improving conservation
Low-cost, do-it-yourself actions (Level I)
Longer term planning, hire an expert and incorporate the activity into your yearly budget (Level II)
Major structural change that may require borrowing money for completion (Level III)
Dept. of Energy Website - http://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-saver/
Role of Building Maintenance and Automated Controls (thermostats, JIT inventory management, electronically controlled motors, blowers, etc., insulation improvements, "smart houses";
See Lectures on Energy Conservation and Green Building on Canvas (Lecture 11)
Environmental Impacts of the Energy Industry
Environmental Impacts of coal mining (deep mines, surface mines, restoration requirements)
Oil Spills (short and long term effects; liability issues; technology for cleanup; prevention)
Acid gases (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, acid deposition/precipitation)
Other Pollutants (air toxics, particulates, photochemical changes, VOC's, ozone)
Global atmospheric issues (greenhouse gases, effects of global warming)
See Lecture 7 on Blackboard
Summary of key pollution problems: http://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/ems/pollutionsum.htm
Implications of rapid expansion of "fracking" for natural gas in the U.S. and Canada
Development of tar sands in Alberta, CA and requested pipelines through the U.S.
BP Accident in the Gulf of Mexico - residual ongoing damage - Techniques for monitoring and assessment
Production of Electricity
Process for converting fuels to electricity (e.g., fuel, steam production, turbine, generator, electrical grid distribution to users, role of transformers and high voltage lines, oversight of grid by ISOs and RDOs, governmental agencies involved with grid - DOE, NERC, FERC) - See Lecture 10
See U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) web site for basics on electrical distribution system and smart grid planning
Links below provide illustrations of the various activities - no need to memorize; originally in Lectures, but placed here for your convenience.
Growth in the Production of Electricity (2008 - 2018)
U.S. National Department of Energy Livermore Laboratory Report on Renewable Energy Use in 2013
North America Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Regions in the U.S. and Canada
https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia411/#tabs_NERC-1
Regional Transmission Operators (RTOs) and Independent Service Operators (ISOs) to manage the U.S. Electricity Grid
Example of ISO for New York Region - https://www.nyiso.com/
Example of ISO for New England Region - http://www.iso-ne.com/
Energy flow for electrical grid (perspective of Green Energy Supplier) - http://www.justenergy.com/energy-explained/electricity/
Importance of energy efficiency for each conversion, including appliance use
Peak load management (role of renewables to provide flexibility)
Green Energy Consortiums (People's Power & Light, in Rhode Island; Clean Power in Connecticut)
Setting Electricity Rates - Public Utility regulatory commissions (PUC's) http://www.ripuc.ri.gov/
Energy Policy Criteria
Lecture on Energy Policy - Lecture 15B on CANVAS
Thinking Styles
See Lecture 3 (Synthesist - Idealist - Analyst - Pragmatist - Realist) - Know your own thinking style.
How thinking styles influence energy management strategies and policymaking
Specific Terms: Know the context of the term (no need to memorize definitions)
Acid Deposition (acid rain, acid precipitation)
Carbon footprint
Clean Air Act - U.S. Law first passed in 1970
Core Meltdown (Nuclear Reactor accident)
Decommissioning
US-DOE
ECOs (Energy Conservation Opportunities)
Emission (Air releases of pollution)
EPA - U.S. Federal agency charged with management of air and water toxics
FERC - Federal Electrical Reliability Council - Oversight of the electricity, gas and oil resources
Fuel Cycle Analysis
Fuel Rods
Generator
Geothermal Energy
Hybridization of Technology for Innovation
LMFBR (type of reactor-Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor - used to recycle spent fuel rods)
LOCA (Type of Nuclear Reactor Accident)
LUST (Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) - common problem with old gasoline stations
Meltdown (Nuclear Reactor Accident)
Nacelle - Part of a Wind Turbine
NERC - North American Electric Reliability Council - Helps to manage the Electrical Grid
Negative Entropy - Entropy
Plutonium and I-131 (Radioisotopes related to nuclear accidents)
Trace of the Black Wind chapters (see CANVAS "Documents" folder) - Read One Chapter
Transformer - Changes voltage of electricity
Transmission Efficiency in Electrical Grid
Yucca Mountain Disposal Site Plan - designed for storage of nuclear wastes in the U.S. - Not built!
Other Items - No In-Class Essay - No Problems
Use this study guide to organize your notes and readings - the exam will be based on the study guide
Look at the outlines on the "Interactive Course Outline" (link listed above) and identify what you already know; then study what you don't know, using Lectures and Readings)
Match the glossary terms with their context - don't memorize individual terms
Form a study group