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Image 3 - https://talesofvalhalla.com/blogs/tales-of-valhalla-norse-mythology/viking-craftsmanship-in-axes-swords-and-jewelry?srsltid=AfmBOopvUhATn4VXpqVRxZdgW8HcsLF1_l8h1HdbVtzVexA46z6hRF-e
Image 4- https://thevikingdragon.com/blogs/news/viking-runes-meanings-explained?srsltid=AfmBOoo0M9p-VuAxxtko7WsKVLOzO9AnTMNxpyhBVYfdFdRR8qWBjL6E
Image 5- https://thewarriorlodge.com/blogs/news/the-deadly-viking-weapons-and-armor?srsltid=AfmBOoryTpdH7MGmLCQZSrEI00n_FWaQdVZhJeBmeNjbsdjlcAzyexRE
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Time Line
Metallurgy
Image 1 - https://dragonfiretools.com/blogs/workbench-wisdom-blog/tools-of-the-trade-a-history-of-blacksmithing
Image 2 - https://www.battlemerchant.com/en/blog/the-fascinating-world-of-viking-technology
Image 3 - https://cards.algoreducation.com/en/content/IAbA0n2_/viking-metalwork-artistry
Image 4 - https://surflegacy.net/viking-jewelry/%20https://paul-barford.blogspot.com/2011/11/another-haul-of-viking-hack-silver-from.html
Image 5 - https://paul-barford.blogspot.com/2011/11/another-haul-of-viking-hack-silver-from.html
I“Archaeology of The Viking Age: Metalworking.” Fiveable, Fiveable, https://fiveable.me/archaeology-of-the-viking-age/unit-8/metalworking/study-guide/OkFciJGAJhRjAivH. Accessed 28 October 2025.
Curta, Florin. “Copper and Bronze: The Far-Reaching Consequences of Metallurgy.” University of Florida, University of Florida, https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/imos/chapter/copper-bronze/. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Early Danish Towns.” Vikingeskibs Museet, Vikingeskibs Museet, https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/the-viking-age-society/early-danish-towns. Accessed 28 October 2025.
McCullough, Carson. “Study Reveals Vikings Mastered Metalworking in Less Than a Century.” Courthouse News Service, Courthouse News Service, 19 April 2021, https://www.courthousenews.com/new-study-details-how-quickly-vikings-honed-their-metalworking-craft-over-a-thousand-years-ago/. Accessed 28 October 2025.
Shewmon, Paul G. “Metallurgy | Definition & History.” Britannica, 19 September 2025, https://www.britannica.com/science/metallurgy. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Viking | History, Exploration, Facts, & Maps.” Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viking-people. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Viking metalwork craft and expertise evolved from 8th to 9th century.” Springer, Springer, https://preview.springer.com/it/about-springer/media/research-news/all-english-research-news/viking-metalwork-craft-and-expertise-evolved/19086158. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Vikings | HISTORY , Origins & Tactics | HISTORY.” History.com, 4 November 2009, https://www.history.com/articles/vikings-history. Accessed 28 October 2025.
Other Metallurgy Websites:
Runes
coverphoto- https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/viking-age-people/runes
Image 2- https://www.lifeinnorway.net/viking-runes/
Image 3- https://bavipower.com/blogs/bavipower-viking-blog/yggdrasil-viking-tree-of-life-the-most-complicated-viking-symbol
Image 4- https://www.history.com/articles/how-did-the-vikings-honor-their-dead
Image 5- https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/knowledge-of-sailing/the-ships-crew/crewmembers-in-the-viking-age/filungar
Image 6- https://norse-mythology.org/the-vikings-conversion-thco-christianity/
Fun Facts
Brandes, Heide. “The Mysterious Viking Runes Found in a Landlocked US State.” Www.bbc.com, www.bbc.com/travel/article/20221030-the-mysterious-viking-runes-found-in-a-landlocked-us-state.
Andresen, Alexander. “The Mysterious Power of the Elder Futhark Runes.” Norsegarde, 8 Jan. 2023, www.norsegarde.com/blogs/lore-and-mythology/the-mysterious-power-of-the-elder-futhark-runes.
“10 Facts about the Vikings | National Geographic Kids.” National Geographic Kids, 27 Nov. 2017, www.natgeokids.com/au/discover/history/general-history/10-facts-about-the-vikings/.
“Yggdrasil Viking Tree of Life: The Most Complicated Viking Symbol.” BaviPower, 18 Aug. 2018, bavipower.com/blogs/bavipower-viking-blog/yggdrasil-viking-tree-of-life-the-most-complicated-viking-symbol.
Weapons
Cover photo- https://thewarriorlodge.com/blogs/news/the-deadly-viking-weapons-and-armor?srsltid=AfmBOoryTpdH7MGmLCQZSrEI00n_FWaQdVZhJeBmeNjbsdjlcAzyexRE
Image 1- https://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-history/medieval-history-periods/vikings/viking-weapons/
Image 2- https://www.darkknightarmoury.com/product-category/eras-cultures-3/vikings-3/viking-weapons/
Image 3- https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/religion-magic-death-and-rituals/the-viking-blot-sacrifices/
Image 4- https://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-history/medieval-history-periods/vikings/viking-weapons/
Image 5- https://www.medievalware.com/blog/viking-invasion-england-part-1-first-raids/
Image 6- https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/weapons/
Rice, Nicholas. Berserkers in the Mist: Preconceptions of Terror in Regard to the People of the North. Accessed 28 October 2025.
Short, William R. “Viking Age Arms and Armour.” Hurtswic, 1999, https://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/arms.htm#shape. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Vikings | HISTORY , Origins & Tactics | HISTORY.” History.com, 4 November 2009, https://www.history.com/articles/vikings-history. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Viking Weaponary.” Jorvikvikingcentre, York Archaeological Trust, 2012, https://www.jorvikvikingcentre.co.uk/the-vikings/viking-weapons/. Accessed 28 October 2025.
“Weapons.” National Museum of Denmark, Bak et al., https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/weapons/. Accessed 28 October 2025.
Long Ship
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Image 3- https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/viking-longship
Image 4- https://www.pinterest.com/pin/516647388505329373/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/516647388505329373/
Image 5- https://warhistory.org/@msw/article/the-kievan-rus-and-their-warships
Image 6- https://thelosttreasurechest.wordpress.com/ship-gallery/the-kievan-rus-and-their-warships/
https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/engineering-the-viking-longboat
https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/the-trailblazing-technology-of-viking-ships/
https://journals.lub.lu.se/lar/article/view/22339/19921
https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-viking-longship/
Literature
cover photo-
Image 2- https://www.medieval.eu/norse-literature/
Image 3- https://www.deadlanguagesociety.com/p/runes-101
Image 4- https://www.historyextra.com/period/viking/top-10-viking-stories/
Image 5- https://vikingr.org/magic-symbols/elder futharksrsltid=AfmBOorPulyi05b2MZYqxLLYQ4tHc5bwF6v5GMPbJjVkiPXOLJ6BsBMw
Image 6- https://boydellandbrewer.com/blog/medieval-history-and-literature/studies-old-norse-literature/
Democratic government
cover photo-
Image 2- https://berloga-workshop.com/blog/418-norse-legal-assemblies.html
Image 3- https://historycollection.com/vikings-formed-worlds-oldest-existing-parliament/
Image 4- https://www.worldhistory.org/Icelandic_Government/
Image 5- https://thevikingherald.com/article/law-and-oar-der-how-did-vik
Image 6- https://www.cjadrien.com/p/swedish-vikings-rus
History on the Net. “Vikings History: An Overview of the Culture and History of the Viking Age - History.” History on the Net, 16 Nov. 2018, www.historyonthenet.com/vikings-history-overview-culture-history-viking-age. Accessed 20 Nov. 2025. - (1)
History on the Net. “Viking Law and Government: The Thing - History.” History, 29 May 2018, www.historyonthenet.com/viking-law-and-government-the-thing. Accessed 20 Nov. 2025. - (2)
“Scotland - History - Vikings - 2nd Level - P5, P6, P7 Classroom and Home Learning with BBC Bitesize Scotland.” BBC Bitesize, 20 Nov. 2025, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z67sscw. Accessed 20 Nov. 2025. (3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD1SdEFKOcU - youtube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnPD4_vcuDk - Youtube video