Trebuchet

Medieval Europe was a time period from 1500 to 500 years ago (HISTORY.com Editors). During this time, Europe was not ruled by a single government, but instead the Catholic church became the most “powerful group” (HISTORY.com Editors). In its quest to spread Christianity, the church initiated the Crusades -- religious wars that lasted from 1095 until 1312. (HISTORY.com Editors). The Crusades were a set of military journeys in which Western European Christians fought against the Islamic mission wars. Christians wanted to stop the spread of Islam and take back their "Holy Land." The introduction of the trebuchet was a response to the need for better military weapons during this time of ongoing conflict (Mcdonough, Michael). 

The trebuchet was far more powerful than any other war weapons of its time. Constructed with a long arm, the equipment could throw objects as heavy as 440 lbs. up to 1100 feet -- much farther than earlier catapults. (McDonough, Michael). It utilized principles of leverage, taking advantage of gravitational energy for the first time (Mcdonough, Michael).

The trebuchet's destructive power and the resources required to build and operate the equipment greatly impacted Medieval Europe. It led to the redesign of buildings and defense systems, as well as the centralization of local governments. The trebuchet needed a lot of resources to build and control the equipment. As a result, those communities using the trebuchet needed a centralized state to move these resources (Chevedden, Paul E, pp. 71-116). As well as centralizing local governments, the trebuchet also necessitated new defensive planning (Chevedden, Paul E, pp. 71-116). Medieval architects rebuilt castles with thicker and taller walls to withstand the trebuchet's impact (Joukowsky Institute), (Chevedden, Paul E, pp. 71-116).

Surrounding civilizations witnessed the power of the trebuchet and adopted similar military advancements. The trebuchet is an example of how technology gets better and changes when cultures come in conflict with each other. “In the military world, this long ranged weapon played an important role in warfare across Europe, Asia, and North Africa” (Chevedden, Paul E, pp. 71-116). This made military technology a lot better, and marked the start of a shift away from traditional armored knight warfare.

“The trebuchet represents the first important mechanical utilization of gravitational energy” (Chevedden, Paul E, pp. 71-116). This new technology paved the way for other gravitation based technologies and advancements in science and military warfare. Its destructive power brought about changes in local governments and architecture, and also impacted the ways in which civilizations interacted with each other.