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The rise of hospitals in the Islamic world during the 8th to 13th centuries marked one of history’s most remarkable advancements in medicine and public welfare. The need for such institutions emerged as Islamic civilization expanded, bringing together diverse people and ideas. Early Muslim leaders emphasized caring for the sick as both a social duty and a religious act, rooted in the Prophet Muhammad’s teachings about charity and compassion. As urban populations grew in major centers like Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo, so did the need for organized medical care that went beyond private homes or small clinics. (Ahmed, History of Islamic Medicine)
Above are doctors in a Islamic hospital treating a patient Image #4
The impact on Islamic society was enormous. Hospitals improved public health, advanced medical education, and professionalized the field of medicine. Notably, the Al-Mansuri Hospitals in Cairo could treat thousands of patients daily and provide meals, music, therapy, and even post-recovery stipends (Dols, Medieval Islamic Hospitals). These institutions were not only centers of healing but also of scientific learning, helping transmit medical knowledge to Europe through Spain and the Crusades.
The first true hospital, or bimaristan, was built in Damascus around 707 CE under Caliph al-Walid I. These hospitals were often funded by charitable endowments called waqf, ensuring free treatment for all regardless of wealth or religion (Hamarneh, Health Sciences in Early Islam). Hospitals were highly organized, with separate wards for different illnesses, pharmacies for preparing medicines, and lecture halls for teaching. Physicians used a systematic approach combining Greek medical theories with new discoveries made through observation and experimentation.
Above shows what an Ancient Islamic hospital looks like Image #10
More on Hospitals In Ancient Islam
More on Hospitals In Ancient Islam
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