Disinfectant alchohol dates very far back in modern day-times. It dates all the way back to the near beginning of the Islamic empire. Interestingly, it was developed, by the persian scientist, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, he was the first true distiller and his efforts were made around 865 C.E.
Disinfectant alcohol has many properties that are benificial to medicine as we see it. It first denatures the enzymes for harmful bacteria and viruses and then eliminates them. However, with mutation existing it isn't perfect.
Yes, some bacteria are immune, but most are not; so it is still "very-similar-to-a-point" that it brought way to the modern day version. This is a very large claim but it isn't false. Alcohol prep pads were built-off the discovery of "The distillation of alcohol"-which then created Disinfectant Alcohol, which is a higher concentration of a compound of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) , or isopropyl alcohol, also commonly called "Rubbing alcohol."
Picture of an Alcohol Pad which is used to clean wounds, electronic screens (phones), disinfect either medical tools like scalpels, or any contaminated instrument for any reason.
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The concentration today in the prep-pads is commonly 70-30%.
70% being either Ethanol, or Isopropyl Alcohol, and the other 30% being most commonly water-to dilute the concentration, but fragrences and other additives are present sometimes as well.
The picture on the left is the modern day version of an easier way to use disinfectant alcohol. As you can see, it is 70% Isopropyl Alcohol. This shows the common 70-30% trend among these disinfectant prep pads.