• Zener diodes are designed to operate at voltages greater than the breakdown voltage (peak reverse voltage).
• The breakdown voltage of a zener diode is determined by the resistivity of the diode.
• Zener diodes are manufactured with a specific breakdown (zener) voltage.
• Power dissipation of a zener diode is based on temperature and lead lengths.
• Zener diodes are packaged the same as PN junction diodes.
• Zener diodes with a breakdown voltage greater than 5 V have a positive zener voltage-temperature coefficient.
• Zener diodes with a breakdown voltage less than 4 V have a negative zener voltage-temperature coefficient.
• Zener diodes are used to stabilize or regulate voltage.
• Zener diode regulators provide a constant output voltage despite changes in the input voltage or output current.
• Zener diodes can be tested for opens, shorts, or leakage with an ohmmeter.
• To determine whether a zener diode is regulating at the proper voltage, a regulation test must be performed.