*This interview project conducted under the Office of Senator Ellen Tong is dedicated to accurately reflecting the professor's own voice and perspectives as shared in the interview. Thank you to all the professors who agreed to be interviewed and shared their thoughts!
Where did you receive your degrees and how has this influenced your path in education?
What do you teach now at Berkeley?
I first received my BA from the University of Tunis before coming to the United States and becoming affiliated with the University of Notre Dame, where I completed my Masters. I then finished my PhD at Columbia University through a joint program between Middle Eastern studies and the Institute of Comparative Literature and Society—I worked on anything from modern Arabic literature, to Postcolonial literature in North Africa with an emphasis on the thematics of time, and even just the philosophy of time as a whole. This helped me transition to the course that I now teach at Berkeley (COMPLIT 100A: Time, Subjectivity, and Imagination), which takes my different thematic interests and applies them to a wide array of literature. This class has a chronological dimension, and progresses from Classics to more modern concepts.
As for my teaching experience, I first taught at Notre Dame as a teaching assistant for Arabic literature classes. I also taught Arabic languages and Islamic Contemporary Civilization at Columbia during my PhD. Then there were 3 years during which I got to teach at different places, such as the SUNY system schools in New York and Duke University, before finally coming to Berkeley.
What did you study as an Undergraduate student in the University of Tunis and why?
I was studying English and Arabic literature, with my primary focus being English. In high school, I was interested in literature and the arts. But at university, people advise you to study foreign languages because you can find various kinds of work through them—that’s why I specialized in English. Though my interest was always in modern and premodern Arabic literature, civilization, and history, I specialized in English for professional job market reasons. I was the first in my family to attend college, so there were always practical reasons on my mind.
That’s why, after finishing my BA, I worked in the Tunisia public high school system as an English teacher before coming to the US—through Tunisia’s education system, you learn Arabic and English alongside French, which is the colonial language, starting from primary school. This connected me to the US and opened opportunities for me in either Comparative literature or Area studies. Fortunately, my PhD program allowed me to do both—I had theoretical and comparative literature classes on a variety of traditions, alongside area study classes with deep conversations about the religious traditions of the region.
I’ve always been interested in poetry, and have composed road poetry in Arabic from a young age, primarily because I was drawn to the stories passed down by my family.
You could sit down beside my grandfather, and he would tell all sorts of stories about the colonial history of Tunisia. That’s when I became drawn to how people simply tell things, versus when they treat them abstractly.
Why did you embark on a journey studying abroad, and why the United States specifically?
How did such an international experience impact you? Did you experience any cultural differences?
In terms of why I chose the US and not other places—other spaces were very limited to me as a North African and Tunisian. I had family connections to the US that allowed me to come, but regardless I would have always chosen the US. While there is a lot more Tunisian immigration to France, to Italy, the European atmosphere towards North Africans is very different from American attitudes. For example, in France, islamophobia always means Arabophobia—and both are normalized and expected. It could matter less that you are attending professional events as a university professor.
As an international student in the University of Notre Dame, I found myself in a school that didn’t have enough resources for the academic area I was studying—Middle Eastern studies and literature. There were no resources for Arabic literature at all, so I had to work with the French department because of Francophone connections to North Africa, which in itself was a challenge. When I went to Columbia University for my PhD, they had these resources, and I was in a department made up entirely of international students. Whilst this wasn’t the case in Notre Dame, the real problem was rooted in a lack of resources for Arabic literature, rather than a lack of internationalism. This is partly because they are a Catholic university, and so are more invested in geographies of Catholicism.
Places like Berkeley or Columbia have a lot of resources if you’re interested in this area—this is very important for international students who do not come here to study scientific subjects, but rather something in the arts, because they need to be in an environment with people who converse in their culture and area of study. Otherwise, their difficulties would be compounded.
To navigate through life abroad, finding the international community would help. Even though I have now been in the US for 12 years, I still only find myself able to socialize with, in both professional and personal settings, an international crowd. It’s simply because, even though I don’t know you or your background, and I don’t speak your language, I know already that we share a ton of similar experiences. I can simply start speaking about plans for the summer, such as going home to family, and they would pick on that. On a personal level, I’ve always found it a lot easier to develop friendships with people from all over the world.
One difficulty is that I am used to the academic experiences in the US. I’m used to the academic discourse in the US. I’m not as used to everyday language and interactions.
You know the concept of the academic bubble?
So sometimes when I’m in outside spaces, when I’m trying to strike up conversations, it is not really successful (laugh).
How is Berkeley different from the several institutions (international and within the US) you have studied/worked in?
One of the positive aspects of coming to Berkeley is to find the arts and humanities departments to be very involved—finding that many students take these kinds of classes so they are full and have open discussions. I am glad to come to a place where the arts and humanities are really strong, particularly at a time when schools and college programs tend to cut fundings for fields that they find less lucrative.
The downsides…it’s very expensive here. Life in general is expensive.
So far—let me mention something about the student protest—I have been impressed by the resolution of the student protestors, and particularly by the heights of the encampments for Justice in Palestine at the end of last year. I was also happy to see that the anti-Palestinian violence brought down upon student protestors in other campuses (campuses like Columbia, and UCLA) did not happen on our own campus. I hope that the university continues to safeguard the right of all free speech on campus.
I am in a tenure-track job so I am very invested in being here. It has been an experience of constantly on the move, in a nomadic setting for the last 10 years of my life, moving from one city to another. I am very fortunate to get this job in this school to commit to a long-term teaching position. I also value relationships with students and the enjoyment of teaching classes here.
For personal projects, I am currently working on a book project which is related to postcolonial conversations between Moroccan, Egyptian, and Syrian intellectuals and creative writers regarding pre-modern Islamic philosophies of time. In addition, I have an interest in the artistic and visual engagements of the region with neoliberal economics.
I would say…try our literature classes!
You should understand that the university is a place in which there are different ways of learning. You will encounter different types of knowledge, not just the kind of academic knowledge that you learn in your field, but it is also a place where you can experiment with your own skills and creative interests—taking classes in poetry as a chemistry or statistics student, for example.
I love playing soccer. I grew up playing soccer on the street and it is a big thing in Tunisia. Every time I go, I try to join people that are playing soccer in a park or other spaces. I haven’t tried it here but I will try to hunt for games like this, but I played in Manhattan by the Hudson River.
I also like traveling. Some of the countries that I want to go to are Iran and India. One of the countries that I really enjoyed was Turkey.
One thing I like…I like the scenery here.
One thing I dislike… I really missed the snow [on the East Coast] this year. For the 10 years that I have been in the US, I have always been in places where it snowed during the winter. A few days of snow in the winter would be nice for that.
That is a hard question… I like Columbia and Berkeley, so I would put them in the same first rank—one where I have made many good friends and memories and one where I am starting to make many more. Duke was a good experience, but the school’s approach to humanities—I have only been there for one year, so I cannot really compare.
Interviewers: Celina Wang, Wenny Wang
Transcript: Amy Guo, Celina Wang, Phuong Nhi Tran, Sophie Luk
Design: Amber Yu, Phuong Nhi Tran, Sophie Luk
Special thanks to Professor Mohamed Wadji Ben Hammed!