Embedded Files
Unit Learning Objectives for Unit 3 - Cellular Energetics from the AP® curriculum
Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions.
Explain how changes to the structure of an enzyme may affect its function.
Explain how the cellular environment affects enzyme activity.
Describe the role of energy in living organisms
Describe the photosynthetic processes and structural features of the chloroplast that allow organisms to capture and store energy.
Explain how cells capture energy from light and transfer it to biological molecules for storage and use.
Describe the processes and structural features of mitochondria that allow organisms to use energy stored in biological macromolecules.
Explain how cells obtain energy from biological macromolecules in order to power cellular functions.
What is NOT covered in this unit?
Here is a list exclusion topics not on the AP Exam:
Gibbs Free Energy - equation for free energy
Photosynthesis - Memorization of the steps in Calvin Cycle or the structures of molecules or intermediates of the processes
Cellular Respiration - Specific steps, names of enzymes, and intermediate pathways for the processes.
Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle - Memorization of the steps in glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and ETC or the structures of molecules or intermediates of the processes
Textbook Resources
Textbook Resources
6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy
6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy
Topic 3.3
Learning Outcomes
Compare potential and kinetic energy.
Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
Examine how organization and structure of living things is related to heat and entropy.
Resources
6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy.pptx6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy Transformations
6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy Transformations
Topic 3.1 Topic 3.2
Learning Outcomes
Compare the energy associated with endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Describe how energy is stored in a molecule of ATP.
Examine how cells use ATP to drive energetically unfavorable reactions.
Resources
6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy Transformations.pptx6.3 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes
6.3 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes
Topic 3.1 Topic 3.2
Learning Outcomes
Explain the purpose of a metabolic pathway and how enzymes help to regulate it.
Examine how enzymes lower activation energy and increase reaction rate.
Distinguish between conditions and factors that affect an enzyme's rate of reaction.
Resources
Videos
6.3 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes.pptx6.4 Organelles and the Flow of Energy
6.4 Organelles and the Flow of Energy
Topic 3.3
Learning Outcomes
1. Compare the role of carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
2. Describe how high energy electrons are captured by NAD+ and used to do work.
3. Explain how electrochemical gradients are used to produce ATP.
Resources
6.4 Organelles and the Flow of Energy.pptx7.1 Photosynthetic Organisms
7.1 Photosynthetic Organisms
Topic 3.4
Outcomes:
Explain how autotrophs are able to produce their own food.
Describe the components of a chloroplast.
Compare the role of carbon dioxide in autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Resources
Video
7.1 Photosynthetic Organisms.pptx7.2 The Process of Photosynthesis
7.2 The Process of Photosynthesis
Learning Outcomes
Describe the overall process of photosynthesis.
Compare energy input and output of the light reaction.
Compare carbon input and output of the Calvin cycle reaction.
Resources
Videos
Topic 3.4
7.2 The Process of Photosynthesis.pptx7.3 Plants as Solar Energy Converters
7.3 Plants as Solar Energy Converters
Topic 3.4
Learning Outcomes
Describe the relationship between wavelength and energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Explain the role of photosynthetic pigments in harnessing solar energy.
Examine how APT and NADPH are produced from redox reactions and membrane gradients.
Resources
Videos
7.3 Plants as Solar Energy Converters.pptx7.4 Plants as Carbon Dioxide Fixers
7.4 Plants as Carbon Dioxide Fixers
Topic 3.4
Learning Outcomes
Describe the three phases of the Calvin cycle and when ATP and/or NADPH are needed.
Evaluate the significance of RuBP carboxylase enzyme to photosynthesis.
Explain how glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate (G3P) is used to produce other necessary plant molecules.
Resources
Videos
7.4 Plants as Carbon Dioxide Fixers.pptx7.5 Other Types of Photosynthesis
7.5 Other Types of Photosynthesis
Topic 3.4
Learning Outcomes
1. Compare the internal location of photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants.
2. Contrast C3/C4 modes of photosynthesis with CAM photosynthesis.
3. Explain how different photosynthesis modes allow plants to adapt to particular environments.
Resources
7.5 Other Types of Photosynthesis.pptx8.1 Cellular Respiration
8.1 Cellular Respiration
Topic 3.5
Learning Outcomes
1. Describe the overall reaction for glucose breakdown and show that it is a redox reaction.
2. Examine the role of NADH and FADH2 redox reactions in cellular respiration.
3. Evaluate where each carbon molecule goes in a 6-carbon glucose molecule.
Resources
Videos:
8.1 Cellular Respiration.pptx8.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis
8.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis
Topic 3.5
Learning Outcomes
Describe where in the cell that glycolysis takes place.
Compare the amount of carbon between input and output of glycolysis.
Resources
Videos:
8.2 Outside the Mitochondria.pptx8.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation
8.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation
Topic 3.5
Learning Outcomes
Explain how ATP can continue to be produced in the absence of oxygen.
Compare the benefits and drawbacks of fermentation.
Resources
8.3 Outside the Mitochondria.pptx8.4 Inside the Mitochondria
8.4 Inside the Mitochondria
Topic 3.5
Learning Outcomes
Explain the fate of each carbon during the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose.
Contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis as methods of ATP synthesis.
Describe how electron energy from redox reactions is used to create a proton gradient.
Resources
Videos:
8.4 Inside the Mitochondria.pptx8.5 Metabolism
8.5 Metabolism
Topic 3.3
Learning Outcomes
Compare the pathways of carbohydrate, fat, and protein catabolism.
Explain how the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts enable a flow of energy through living things.
Resources
8.5 Metabolism.pptxSlides from class
Slides from class
3.1 Enzyme Structure.pptx3.2 Enzyme Function.pptx3.3 Enzyme Function continued.pptx3.4 Energ in Living Organisms.pptx3.5 Photosynthesis.pptx3.5A Photosynthesis.pptx3.6A Cellular Respiration.pptx3.6 Cellular Respiration.pptx3.7 Fitness.pptxPage updated
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