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INTRODUCTION
To prepare for your IA -2.1 - you need to learn about :
1- Enzymes
Describe the structure (protein , active site)
How they work (function) ? 2 models
Explain how some factors like : Temp, pH , Enzyme concentration and Substrate concentration could affect the enzyme function (activity rate)
2- How to plan, carry out (do), and report (write a scientific report) on a Fair Test
Metabolic pathway is a series of metabolic reactions
It can involve enzymes acting as catalysts to help carry out and speed up catabolic and anabolic reactions.
Enzymes can help by lowering the amount of energy (activation energy) needed for the different reactions to take place.
Enzyme activities can rely on some factors like:
1. Temperature
2. pH level
3. The substrate concentration (substance on which the enzyme acts)
4. The concentration of the enzyme itself
Enzyme Function
Enzyme Function
HOW ENZYMES WORK?
Scientists create models to explain how phenomena in the natural world work.
Two models have been developed to show how enzymes work -
The first was the lock and key model
The second (more accepted) was the induced fit model.
Lock and key is the model by which particular substrates fit into the shape of the active site of a particular enzyme.
Induced fit is the model in which substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme, with the enzyme changing shape to better allow the fit.
See the 2 models below:
Lock and Key Model
Lock and Key Model
The model by which substrates fit into the ridged active site of the enzyme.
Induced Fit Model
Induced Fit Model
The model by which substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme changes shape bringing the substrates together.
4 Factors that affect enzyme function/rates of Reaction
4 Factors that affect enzyme function/rates of Reaction
Study each diagram below and explain how each factor affects enzyme function.
1- Temperature
How does this affect enzyme function?
The warmer the temp. the faster a reaction takes place. However, above a certain temp. (generally 40-45°C) enzymes will denature and loses function.
2- pH
How does this affect enzyme function?
Most enzymes work best at a pH around 7. Outside of the optimum range the enzyme denatures and loses function.
3- Substrate Concentration
How does this affect enzyme function?
The rate of reaction will increase with an increase in substrate concentration up until the available enzyme reaches saturation.
4- Enzyme Concentration
How does this affect enzyme function?
The rate of reaction will increase with an increase in enzyme concentration.
Protein Structure and Folding
Protein Structure and Folding
Enzymes are a class of proteins
Optional Activity - Modelling Enzyme Action
Optional Activity - Modelling Enzyme Action
You may like to do this at home
Biozone Home work Activities
Biozone Home work Activities
Make sure to do these pages before starting your REAL assessment
These pages in your External workbook are very important - they cover the background scientific concepts needed for your internal -AS 2.1. Enzymes, enzyme activity, and factors and how they affect enzyme's activity.
Expected coverage -External Biozone book - Important
E 23 Enzymes p 36
E 24 Enzymes and Activation Energy p 37
E 25 How Enzymes Work p 38
E 27 Enzyme Reaction Rates p 40
Further optional learning
E26 Cofactors and Inhibitors Affect Enzyme Activity p 39
Additional Resources for Interest
Additional Resources for Interest
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