Online Engagement Models

Refined conceptual framework of student engagement incorporating the educational interface (Reproduced from Kahu, E. R., & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: Understanding the mechanisms of student success. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197, with permission from the publisher. This diagram is not included in the CC licence of this work, and anyone wishing to reuse it needs to obtain permission from the publisher at http://www.tandfonline.com.) 

Student Engagement Framework, reproduced from Bond, M., & Bedenlier, S. (2019). Facilitating Student Engagement Through Educational Technology: Towards a Conceptual Framework. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2019(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.528 (CC-BY 4.0)