The essay should be a specific analysis of the language (its use, structure and so on), normally related to its cultural context or a specific text.
An analysis of:
(a) the impact of a particular socio-cultural issue on the form or use of the language, based on an examination of language use
or
(b) a socio-cultural issue, as illustrated through specific cultural artefact(s) from a country/community where the language is spoken.
An analysis of a literary type, based on a specific work or works of literature exclusively from the target language.