Definitions
Articulation/Phonology:
Articulation refers to the way in which speech sounds are produced. Phonology is the way sounds are organized into words. When assessing a student for a speech sound disorder we look at the way the child produces sounds in words as well as the child's overall speech intelligibility. Many young children make errors as their speech skills are developing. These errors can be considered developmental depending on the age of the child.
Receptive and Expressive Language:
Receptive language refers to the understanding and processing of information that is presented verbally. When assessing students for a receptive language disorder, we look at their ability to understand and follow directions, answer questions, and/or understand new vocabulary and concepts. Expressive language refers to the ability to verbally express wants, needs, and ideas. When assessing students for an expressive language disorder, we look at various aspects of spoken language including grammar, vocabulary, and narrative skills.
Social Pragmatic Language:
Social pragmatic language refers to the way in which language is used when engaging in social interactions. When assessing students for a pragmatic language disorder, we look at verbal and non-verbal language skills including eye contact, body positioning, tone of voice, and conversational skills.
Fluency:
Speech fluency refers to the rhythm and flow of verbal expression. When assessing students for a fluency disorder, we listen for abnormal speech patterns and analyze the rate and rhythm of speech. Some children display non-fluent speech patterns when they are young which can be considered within the parameters of typical language development.
Voice:
Voice refers to the pitch, intensity, and quality of one's voice. When assessing students for a voice disorder, these aspects of voice are assessed.
Links
Please refer to the following links from the American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA) for more information on:
Typical Speech and Language Development
Language Expectations for Each Grade Level
Descriptions of Various Language Disorders
Language Delay vs Language Disorder
Please refer to the following link to view the age range in which most children develop each sound:
Speech and Articulation Development Chart
Please refer to the following District 39 websites to gain information on services available through the district as well as a parent organization dedicated to supporting parents of students with disabilities: