Nationalism

German Unification

• 1. What was unusual about the territory known as Prussia in 1865?

  2. After 1865, What year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory?

• 1. What was unusual about the territory known as Prussia in 1865?

  2. After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory?

  3. What was the most powerful German state before unification?

  4. Who were the two individuals who wanted to unify Germany? Explain their roles.

  5. What war finally united Germany?

  6. What was so important about the Alsace-Lorraine?

  7. Who became the ruler of a unified Germany?

  8. How many times was Germany united in its history? When?

Italian Unification

• 1. During what time period was the greatest share of territory unified in Italy?

  2. What territories did Italy loose to France during their unification process?

The political structure of the Italian peninsula prior to 1861 was that of a fragmented group of small kingdoms and principalities. There was no political cohesion while internal fighting and rivalries were hampering any progress. However, the people of the Italian peninsula, shared language, culture and a historical background. Some Italian leaders began calling for nationalism with the goal of bringing Italy together into a sovereign nation-state with autonomous rule.

The most famous of Italian nationalistic leaders were Count Camilo Cavour, Guiseppe Garibaldi, and Guiseppe Mazzini. Mazzini was instrumental in being the "Heart" of Italian nationalism. He also established the secret society known as Young Italy, an organization devoted to a united Italy. Garibaldi was considered to be the "sword" of Italian nationalism. His band of Red Shirts conquered forces opposed to unification and forced southern Italy into a cohesive political unit. Cavour (shown here) was the "brain" in his role as a skilled diplomat. Cavour successfully received aid from France in a war against the Austrians and eventually put Victor Emmanuel II on the throne of a completely united Italian nation-state in 1861.

The Brains The Sword The Heart

Cavour Garibaldi Mazzini

• 1. During what time period was the greatest share of territory unified in Italy?

  2. What territories did Italy loose to France during their unification process?

  3. List the three (3) people who worked together to unify Italy, and explain their role in the unification process.

  4. What were the reasons why Italy did not exist as a country?

Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart

• 1. Name three (3) Empires that nationalism broke apart and for each describe in detail how nationalism affected them.

  2. Do you think nationalism plays a role in today’s politics in the world? If so, name a country or countries affected by nationalism.