Science (8)

Overview

Cells are the smallest unit of life, and each cell is a system nested within a system. In Grade 8, students will continue to develop their knowledge of organisms by focusing on the structure and function of cells in plants and animals. Our knowledge of cells has increased enormously since the middle of the twentieth century, and students will examine the implications of this knowledge for individuals, society, and the environment.

Overview

The smooth functioning of society depends on a great number and variety of systems. The needs of society can influence the evolution of established systems or demand the introduction of new ones. Whether large or small, human, mechanical, or natural, all systems consist of many components that can be studied and improved. Students will learn to calculate the mechanical advantage of mechanical systems, and will learn about the overall safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of a variety of systems.

Overview

Fluids are essential to many industrial processes and form the basis of hydraulic and pneumatic devices. Any substance that flows is considered to be a fluid. This includes such things as water, shampoo, sunscreen, and honey. Even gases, such as air, can be classified as fluids. Students will learn about the diverse applications of the principles involved in fluid mechanics, the impacts of technological innovations based on the properties of fluids, and the industries and jobs related to fluids. To learn about the properties of fluids, students will experiment with and investigate the viscosity and density of different liquids and ways in which these properties affect objects placed in those liquids. Students will explore the implications of Archimedes’ principle by investigating and measuring the buoyant forces on different objects.

Overview

More than 70 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with water, and most of this water is found in the oceans. In learning about the earth’s water systems, students will develop an understanding of the important role that water systems play in global ecosystems. They will evaluate the role media play in portraying controversial water issues and research recent technological innovations related to Earth’s water systems. Students will gain a basic understanding of Earth’s water systems and come to a better understanding of their own role in caring for this precious resource.