CAD/3D Printing

Siemens Engineering Design

A secondary school course featuring Solid Edge

© Siemens PLM August 2017

# 1. Content Standards: Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume responsibility for leadership roles and responsibility for actions, decisions products and policies in the governance of a project.
7. Evaluate the need for and costs of resources necessary for the completion of a project.

#1. Career and Technical Standards: Engineering Design and Process

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Science

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8:

Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9:

Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10:

Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11:

Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#2. Content Standards: Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Communicate ideas to a group through the use of sketches and other documentation.
3. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
4. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

#2. Career and Technical Standards: Sketching

Engineering Design Process

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines, circles, and ellipses.
2. Communicate ideas to a group through the use of sketches and other documentation.
3. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
4. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

1. Geometric Measurement and Dimension G-GMD
   1. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems
   2. 1. Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle, area of a circle,
   3. volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. Use dissection arguments, Cavalieri’s principle, and
   4. informal limit arguments.
   5. 3. Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems.
2. Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per

square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to

satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on

ratios).

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending

to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events

caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative

analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text

complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific

procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development,

organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a

self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate;

synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under

investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using

advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research

question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding

plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time

frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and

audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National

Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each

project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 2: Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology.

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

STL Standard 19: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

#3. Content Standards: 3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply new principles of more rapid and less costly development and deployment of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed in a CAD system.

#3. Career and Technical Standards: 3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation
2. Sketching
3. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines, circles, and ellipses.
4. Communicate ideas to a group through the use of sketches and other documentation.
5. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

1. Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

1. Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

1. Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

1. Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 2: Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology.

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

STL Standard 19: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

#4. Content Standard: Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the general public.
2. Generate an image from a model utilizing light, texture and shading to create a proposed final appearance of a product.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create presentations of design for a non-technical audience.

#4. Career and Technical Standards: Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

Career and Technical Standards

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume leadership roles and responsibility for decisions making as part of a team.
7. Analyze costs of resources necessary for product production.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
3. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply principles of rapid and less costly product development including the application of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed with a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the customer.
2. Produce a final pictorial rendering of a design concept utilizing light, texture and shading.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create final design presentations for the customer.

Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials

1. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
2. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

Simple Machines

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies
3. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Mechanical Systems
8. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
9. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
10. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
11. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
12. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
13. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
14. Design a system of elements that manage power to accomplish a task that involves defined movement.

Structures/Forces

1. Create models that are mathematical or physical systems that are set up to obey certain specified conditions having behavior intended to understand or evaluate a design system.
2. © Siemens PLM August 2017 262
3. Conduct model analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and simulations to produce a detailed examination of the elements, structure and behavior of a system under certain conditions.
4. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
5. Conduct a systematic study of a structure by applying a load to determine the performance of the structure design, the structure members, and the structure materials as determined through the relationship between applied force and the corresponding deflection.
6. Apply the knowledge from a stress and strain curve to a design solution.
7. Analyze the strength of materials under various types of loading to predict system behavior.
8. Calculate the normal loads on a structure when in use including a factor for extreme conditions plus an additional typical added factor for safety.
9. Analyze complex structures by breaking them down into components.
10. Test scale models to verify the strength predictions made from mathematical models.

Engineering Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Defend a selected material for use in a product, explaining material properties and characterization, based upon manufacturing processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous loading, dimensions and other factors.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Number and Quantity

5. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

6. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.

3. Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes

6. Given two vectors in magnitude and direction form, determine the magnitude and direction of their sum.

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios). Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED

A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based. These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#5. Content Standard: Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials

1. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
2. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

#5. Career and Technical Standards: Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials

Career and Technical Standards

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume leadership roles and responsibility for decisions making as part of a team.
7. Analyze costs of resources necessary for product production.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
3. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply principles of rapid and less costly product development including the application of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed with a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the customer.
2. Produce a final pictorial rendering of a design concept utilizing light, texture and shading.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create final design presentations for the customer.
4. Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials
5. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
6. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.
5. Simple Machines
6. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.

Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies

1. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
2. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
3. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
4. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

Mechanical Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
3. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Design a system of elements that manage power to accomplish a task that involves defined movement.

Structures/Forces

1. Create models that are mathematical or physical systems that are set up to obey certain specified conditions having behavior intended to understand or evaluate a design system.
2. Conduct model analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and simulations to produce a detailed examination of the elements, structure and behavior of a system under certain conditions.
3. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
4. Conduct a systematic study of a structure by applying a load to determine the performance of the structure design, the structure members, and the structure materials as determined through the relationship between applied force and the corresponding deflection.
5. Apply the knowledge from a stress and strain curve to a design solution.
6. Analyze the strength of materials under various types of loading to predict system behavior.
7. Calculate the normal loads on a structure when in use including a factor for extreme conditions plus an additional typical added factor for safety.
8. Analyze complex structures by breaking them down into components.
9. Test scale models to verify the strength predictions made from mathematical models.

Engineering Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Defend a selected material for use in a product, explaining material properties and characterization, based upon manufacturing processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous loading, dimensions and other factors.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Number and Quantity

7. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

8. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.

4. Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes

7. Given two vectors in magnitude and direction form, determine the magnitude and direction of their sum.

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED

A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based. These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11:Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#6. Content Standard: Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

#6. Career and Technical Standards: Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

Career and Technical Standards

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume responsibility for leadership roles and responsibility for actions, decisions products and policies in the governance of a project.
7. Evaluate the need for and costs of resources necessary for the completion of a project.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Communicate ideas to a group through the use of sketches and other documentation.
3. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
4. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply new principles of more rapid and less costly development and deployment of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed in a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the general public.
2. Generate an image from a model utilizing light, texture and shading to create a proposed final appearance of a product.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create presentations of design for a non-technical audience.
4. Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials
5. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
6. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED

A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based. These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#7. Content Standard: Simple Machines

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies
3. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
8. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

#7. Career and Technical Standards: Simple Machines

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume responsibility for leadership roles and responsibility for actions, decisions products and policies in the governance of a project.
7. Evaluate the need for and costs of resources necessary for the completion of a project.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Communicate ideas to a group through the use of sketches and other documentation.
3. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
4. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply new principles of more rapid and less costly development and deployment of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed in a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the general public.
2. Generate an image from a model utilizing light, texture and shading to create a proposed final appearance of a product.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create presentations of design for a non-technical audience.
4. Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials
5. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
6. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

Simple Machines

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies
3. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
8. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED

A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.

3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.

9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#8. Content Standard: Mechanical Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
3. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
8. Design a system of elements that manage power to accomplish a task that involves defined movement.
9. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
10. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

#8. Career and Technical Standards: Mechanical Systems

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume responsibility for leadership roles and responsibility for actions, decisions products and policies in the governance of a project.
7. Evaluate the need for and costs of resources necessary for the completion of a project.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Communicate ideas to a group through the use of sketches and other documentation.
3. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
4. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply new principles of more rapid and less costly development and deployment of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed in a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the general public.
2. Generate an image from a model utilizing light, texture and shading to create a proposed final appearance of a product.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create presentations of design for a non-technical audience.
4. Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials
5. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
6. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

Simple Machines

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies
3. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
8. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

Mechanical systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
3. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Apply the design process in the design of a mechanical system.
8. Design a system of elements that manage power to accomplish a task that involves defined movement.
9. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
10. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED

A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. 1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.
2. 3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

1. 7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.
2. 9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.
3. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
4. 10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#9. Content Standard: Structures/Forces

1. Create models that are mathematical or physical systems set up to obey certain specified conditions whose behavior is used to understand study or evaluate a design or system.
2. Conduct model analysis using FEA and simulations as a detailed examination of the elements, structure or behavior of a physical system under certain imposed conditions.
3. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
4. Conduct a systematic study of the relationship of the material, members, and the construction of the structure when loaded to determine the resulting deflections and forces.
5. Apply knowledge of stress and strain to the design of a problem solution.
6. Analyze strength of materials to predict behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading to determine the stresses, strains, and displacements caused by the loading.
7. Predict loads exerted on a product, machine, or structure during any foreseeable use to determine safety.
8. Analyze complex structures by breaking them down into components.
9. Test scale models to verify the strength predictions made from mathematical models.

#9. Career and Technical Standards: Structures/Forces

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume leadership roles and responsibility for decisions making as part of a team.
7. Analyze costs of resources necessary for product production.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
3. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.
4. 3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing
5. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
6. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
7. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
8. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
9. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
10. Access, generate, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
11. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
12. Apply principles of rapid and less costly product development including the application of new materials.
13. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed with a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the customer.
2. Produce a final pictorial rendering of a design concept utilizing light, texture and shading.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create final design presentations for the customer.
4. Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials
5. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
6. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

Simple Machines

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies
3. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

Mechanical Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
3. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Design a system of elements that manage power to accomplish a task that involves defined movement.

Structures/Forces

1. Create models that are mathematical or physical systems that are set up to obey certain specified conditions having behavior intended to understand or evaluate a design system.
2. Conduct model analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and simulations to produce a detailed examination of the elements, structure and behavior of a system under certain conditions.
3. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
4. Conduct a systematic study of a structure by applying a load to determine the performance of the structure design, the structure members, and the structure materials as determined through the relationship between applied force and the corresponding deflection.
5. Apply the knowledge from a stress and strain curve to a design solution.
6. Analyze the strength of materials under various types of loading to predict system behavior.
7. Calculate the normal loads on a structure when in use including a factor for extreme conditions plus an additional typical added factor for safety.
8. Analyze complex structures by breaking them down into components.
9. Test scale models to verify the strength predictions made from mathematical models.

Engineering Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Defend a selected material for use in a product, explaining material properties and characterization, based upon manufacturing processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous loading, dimensions and other factors.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Number and Quantity

1. 5. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
2. 6. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
3. 3. Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes
4. 6. Given two vectors in magnitude and direction form, determine the magnitude and direction of their sum.

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. 1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).
2. 2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).
3. 3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).
4. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED
5. A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. 1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.
2. 3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.
3. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
4. 7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.
5. 9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.
6. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
7. 10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. 1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.
2. 2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

1. 4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

1. 7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
2. 8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

1. 10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

#10. Content Standard: Engineering Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Select and defend a material for use in a product, explaining material properties and characterization, based upon manufacturing processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous loading, dimensions and other factors.

#10 Career and Technical Standards: Engineering Systems

Engineering Design Process

1. Create and maintain an Engineering Notebook for daily reflections, research and prototype creation documentation.
2. Apply the design and problem solving process as an iterative process incorporating sciences, mathematics and engineering to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
3. Communicate solutions utilizing technical writing skills including correct spelling, proper grammar and dependent vocabulary.
4. Assume and carry out a role in the smooth running of a team working toward the solution of a problem.
5. Assemble a quantitative plan for successful completion of the project.
6. Assume leadership roles and responsibility for decisions making as part of a team.
7. Analyze costs of resources necessary for product production.

Sketching

1. Create sketches utilizing basic shapes such as lines circles and ellipses.
2. Apply isometric and orthographic sketches to add clarity to design.
3. Create necessary sketches to communicate basic ideas during the design process.

3D Solid Modeling/Fabrication and 3-D Printing

1. Apply geometric relationships between lines and shapes to create a mathematical database to describe design ideas.
2. Create solid models utilizing concepts of Parametric Modeling.
3. Analyze models for appropriate engineering design features needed.
4. Develop strategies for the creation of solid models for the rapid creation of design solutions.
5. Apply the concepts of digital prototyping to accelerate the time frame between ideation and completed project.
6. Access, generate, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
7. Design and create a model using additive manufacturing technology sometimes called a rapid prototyping system.
8. Apply principles of rapid and less costly product development including the application of new materials.
9. Utilize rapid prototyping/additive manufacturing to create highly complex parts designed with a CAD system.

Renderings/Working Drawings/ Design Presentations

1. Create renderings to communicate design ideas and engineering principles to the customer.
2. Produce a final pictorial rendering of a design concept utilizing light, texture and shading.
3. Apply rendering techniques to create final design presentations for the customer.
4. Assembly Modeling/Documentation/Exploded Assemblies/Bill of Materials
5. Conduct model documentation as the process of recording details such as size, material composition, and instructions for assembling, installation and servicing, analysis, development process that describes a model for the purpose of communication of ideas.
6. Create a bill of materials to communicate materials and other information about a design.

Reverse Engineering/Engineering Features

1. Apply the principles of design for manufacturing enabling the efficient and effective production of products.
2. Apply the green principles of design for eventual disassembly and resource recovery.
3. Investigate activities that a business conducts with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures and to know the new approaches of rapid development and deployment that saves time and is more efficient.
4. Disassemble a product into its parts, utilize precision measurement to create sketches, drawings and models of the product and identify the basic processes, systems, designs, and materials used in the manufacture of the product.

Simple Machines

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies
3. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to analyze mechanical advantage.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.

Mechanical Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.
3. Apply the engineering design process in the creation of a mechanical system.
4. Read and analyze detailed descriptions of machinery and provide a concise summary for documentation purposes.
5. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
6. Apply problem solving methodology in the creation of unique solutions to mechanical motion problems.
7. Design a system of elements that manage power to accomplish a task that involves defined movement.

Structures/Forces

1. Create models that are mathematical or physical systems that are set up to obey certain specified conditions having behavior intended to understand or evaluate a design system.
2. Conduct model analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and simulations to produce a detailed examination of the elements, structure and behavior of a system under certain conditions.
3. Assign mathematical relationships to schematics to apply forces.
4. Conduct a systematic study of a structure by applying a load to determine the performance of the structure design, the structure members, and the structure materials as determined through the relationship between applied force and the corresponding deflection.
5. Apply the knowledge from a stress and strain curve to a design solution.
6. Analyze the strength of materials under various types of loading to predict system behavior.
7. Calculate the normal loads on a structure when in use including a factor for extreme conditions plus an additional typical added factor for safety.
8. Analyze complex structures by breaking them down into components.
9. Test scale models to verify the strength predictions made from mathematical models.

Engineering Systems

1. Utilize mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry and engineering design to develop solutions to open ended problems.
2. Defend a selected material for use in a product, explaining material properties and characterization, based upon manufacturing processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous loading, dimensions and other factors.

College and Career Readiness Math Standards

Number and Quantity

1. 9. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
2. 10. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
3. 5. Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes
4. 8. Given two vectors in magnitude and direction form, determine the magnitude and direction of their sum.

Modeling with Geometry G-MG

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

1. 1. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).
2. 2. Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).
3. 3. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).
4. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships CED
5. A.4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies 9-10

Key Ideas and Details

1. 1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.
2. 3. Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

1. 7. Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.
2. 9. Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

1. 10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 9-10

Text Types and Purposes

1. 1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.
2. 2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Production and Distribution of Writing

1. 4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

1. 7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
2. 8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Range of Writing

1. 10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Next Generation Science Standards

The projects engage students in the scientific and engineering practices taken from the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education, Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. This is the document upon which the NGSS are based.

These practices are used for two reasons: 1) they parallel the design process utilized in each project, and 2) they serve as the foundation of the NGSS.

The eight science and engineering practices are:

1. Asking questions and defining problems

2. Developing and using models

3. Planning and carrying out investigations

4. Analyzing and interpreting data

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions

7. Engaging in argument from evidence

8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Standards for Technological Literacy

STL Standard 8: Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.

STL Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.

STL Standard 10: Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

STL Standard 11: Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.

© Siemens PLM August 2017