Chapter 5 US History—Notes
Growth & Division (1816-1832)
I. American Nationalism
A. Economic Nationalism
1. The Era of Good Feelings
a. Monroe
b. Federalists are gone
2. The Second Bank
a. need for regulation, stabilization
3. Tariffs & Transportation
a. tax imports to help American manufacturers
b. who gets hurt?
c. roads & canals
i. Monroe vetoed as unconstitutional
B. Judicial Nationalism
1. Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee
a. Supreme Court has final say in judicial matters
2. McCulloch v. Maryland
a. states can’t interfere w/ nat’l gov’ts job
b. “necessary & proper” clause
3. Gibbons v. Ogden
a. federal law supercedes state law (transport…)
* All cases under Marshall make nat’l gov’t stronger
C. Nationalist Diplomacy
1. Jackson Invades Florida
a. Spain not controlling Seminoles
b. Adams-Onis Treaty gives US Fla.
2. Monroe Doctrine
a. US neutral in Europe
b. west hemisphere off limits to Europe
II. Early Industry
A. A Revolution in Transportation
1. The National Road
a. the only federally funded road- why?
2. Steamboats & Canals
a. Fulton, Livingston, and Watt
b. Erie & other canals
3. The “Iron Horse”
a. slow start, but soon dominate
i. facilitated westward expansion
ii. increase coal demand
B. A New System of Production
* Industrial Revolution- define
* free-enterprise system- define
* NE has rivers
* Slater & Lowell
1. Technological Advances
a. Whitney, cotton gin, interchangeable parts
b. Morse- telegraph, Associated Press
2. The Rise of Large Cities
a. rural to urban shift
b. crops to market easier
3. Workers begin to organize
a. labor unions- more $, less hours
b. strikes are the only weapon- weak
C. Life in the North
1. Life in Northern Cities
a. crime, fire, disease
b. male dominated work- women @ home
c. schools
2. Life on the Farm
a. remains major economic activity
III. The Land of Cotton
A. The Southern Economy
* Cash Crops
* Whitney’s Cotton Gin
1. Cotton Become King
a. 2/3 of US exports
b. cotton gin cycle- cotton, $, land, slaves
2. Industry Lags
a. geography causes dependency on North
B. Society in the South
1. stratified
a. elite (planter/ lawyer)
b. yeoman
c. rural poor
d. slave/black
C. Slavery
* rights of slaves?
1. plantation life
a. task v. gang system
b. Frederick Douglass
2. Enslaved women & children
a. women had it worst
i. scrutiny in house
b. kids work when able
i. no education- why?
3. Free African Americans
a. varying experiences depending on location
4. Coping with Enslavement
a. culture
i. music, religion
b. resistance & rebellion
i. non-violent or…
ii. Prosser & Turner
IV. Growing Sectionalism
A. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
1. should slavery expand westward?
a. balance in the Senate
2. Maine free & Missouri slave
a. 36° 30¢ line
B. The Elections of 1824 & 1828
1. The Battle of Favorite Sons
a. Clay(W), Jackson(W), Adams(N),Crawford(S)
b. the corrupt bargain
2. JQ Adams takes office
a. he acts like a Federalist & is unpopular
3. The Election of 1828
a. Jackson (man of the people) wins easily