Europe and the Former Soviet Union

General Works

_Brems, Eva. 2011. Transitional Justice in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Grodsky, Brian. 2009. Beyond Lustration: Truth-Seeking Efforts in the Post-Communist Space. Taiwan Journal of Democracy.

_Horne, Cynthia. 2012. Assessing the Impact of Lustration on Trust in Public Institutions and National Government in Central and Eastern Europe. Comparative Political Studies 45 (4).

_Nalepa, Monica. 2010. Skeletons in the Closet: Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Europe. Oxford, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Peskin, Victor and Mieczyslaw P. Boduszynski . March, 2011. Balancing International Justice in the Balkans: Surrogate Enforcers, Uncertain Transitions and the Road to Europe. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2004. Spies, Files and Lies: Explaining the Failure of Access to Securitate Files. Communist and Post-

Communist Studies 37 (3):341-359.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2006. The Vanishing Truth: Politics and Memory in Post-Communist Europe. East European Quarterly 40 (4):383-408.

_Stan, Lavinia, ed. 2009. Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: Reckoning with the Communist Past. New York, NY: Routledge.

_Stan, Lavinia, and Lucian Turcesu. 2005. The Devil's Confessors: Priests, Communists, Spies and Informers. East European Politics and Societies 19 (4):655-685.

Albania

_Imholz, Kathleen. 1993. A Landmark Constitutional Court Decision in Albania. East European Constitutional Review 2 (3):23-25.

Armenia

_Dardrian, Vahakn N. 1989. Genocide as a Problem of National and International Law: The World War I Armenian Case and its Contemporary Legal Ramifications. Yale Journal of International Law 14 (2):221-334.

_Staub, Ervin. 1989. The Genocide of the Armenians: Psychological and Cultural Roots and the Impact on Survivors. Armenian Review 42:55-72.

_Staub, Ervin. 1990. The Turkish Genocide of the Armenians. Changes: An International Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 8 (4):270-284.

Austria

_Staub, Ervin. 1989. The Genocide of the Armenians: Psychological and Cultural Roots and the Impact on Survivors. Armenian Review 42:55-72.

_Staub, Ervin. 1990. The Turkish Genocide of the Armenians. Changes: An International Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 8 (4):270-284.

Bulgaria

_Bertschi, Charles C. 1995. Lustration and the Transition to Democracy. The Cases of Poland and Bulgaria. East European Quarterly 2 (4):435-451.

Czechoslovakia

_Boed, Roman. 1998. An Evaluation of the Legality and Efficacy of Lustration as a Tool of Transitional Justice. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 37 (2):357-402.

_Boed, Roman. 2002. An Evaluation of the Legality and Efficacy of Lustration as a Tool of Transitional Justice. In Post-Conflict Justice, edited by M. C. Bassiouni. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers.

_Bren, Paulina. 1993. Lustration in the Czech and Slovak Republics. RFE/RL Research Reports 2 (29):16-22.

_Bren, Paulina. 1994. Czech Restitution Laws Rekindle Sudeten Germans' Grievances. RFE/RL Research Reports 3 (2):17-22.

_Cepl, Wojtech. 1993. Lustration in the CSFR: Ritual Sacrifices. East European Constitutional Review 1 (1):24-26.

_David, Roman. 2003. Lustration Laws in Action: The Motives and the Evaluation of the Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland. Law and Social Inquiry 28 (2):387-439.

_David, Roman, and Susanne Y. P. Choi. 2003. Money, Truth and Forgiveness: The Reparation of the Victims of Communism in the Czech Republic. In 19th World Congress of the International Political Science Association. Durban, South Africa.

_David, Roman, and Susanne Y. P. Choi. 2005. Victims on Transitional Justice: Lessons From the Reparation of Human Rights Abuses in the Czech Republic. Human Rights Quarterly 27 (2):392-435.

_David, Roman, and Susanne Y. P. Choi. 2006. Forgiveness and Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (3):339-367.

_Frommer, Benjamin. 2005. National Cleansing: Retribution Against Nazi Collaborators in Postwar Czechoslovakia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Nadya, Nedelsky. 2004. Divergent Responses to a Common Past: Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Theory and Society 33 (1):65-115.

_Priban, Jiri. 2007. Oppressors and Their Victims: The Czech Lustration Law and the Rule of Law. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

_Weschler, Lawrence. 1992. The Velvet Purge: The Trials of Jan Kavan. New Yorker, 66-96.

_Wolchik, Sharon L. 1993. The Repluralization of Politics in Czechoslovakia. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 26 (4):412-431.

Denmark

_Givskov, Carl Christian. 1948. The Danish Purge Laws. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 39 (4):447-460.

France

_Ackermann, Alice. 1994. Reconciliation as a Peace-Building Process in Postwar Europe: The Franco-German Case. Peace and Change 19 (3):229-250.

_Bal, Mieke, Jonathan Crewe, and Leo Spitzer, eds. 1999. Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

_Carrier, Peter. 2006. Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989: The Origins and Political Function of the Vil D'hiv in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.

_Elster, Jon. 2006. Redemption for Wrongdoing: The Fate of Collaborators after 1945. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (3):324-338.

_Golsan, Richard, ed. 1996. Memory, The Holocaust, and French Justice: The Bousquet and Touvier Affairs. New Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press.

_Lottman, Herbert R. 1986. The Purge: The Purification of French Collaborators After World War II. New York, NY: William Morrow.

_Macridis, Roy C. 1982. France: From Vichy to the Fourth Republic. In From Dictatorship to Democracy: Coping with the Legacies of Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, edited by J. H. Herz. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

_Novick, Peter. 1968. The Resistance Versus Vichy: The Purge of Collaborators in Liberated France. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

_Rousso, Henry. 1991. The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France Since 1944. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_Wexler, Leila Sadat. 1994. The Interpretation of the Nuremberg Principles by the French Court of Cassation: From Touvier to Barbie and Back Again. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 32 (2):289-380.

_Wexler, Leila Sadat. 1995. Reflections on the Trial of Vichy Collaborator Paul Touvier for Crimes Against Humanity in France. Law and Social Inquiry 20 (1):191-222.

Germany

_Ackermann, Alice. 1994. Reconciliation as a Peace-Building Process in Postwar Europe: The Franco-German Case. Peace and Change 19 (3):229-250.

_Adams, Kif Augustine. 1993. What is Just? The Rule of Law and Natural Law in the Trials of Former East German Border Guards. Stanford Journal of International Law 29 (2):271-314.

_Améry, Jean. 1980. At the Mind's Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and its Realities. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

_Andrews, Molly. 2003. Grand National Narratives and the Project of Truth Commissions: A Comparative Analysis. Media, Culture and Society 25 (1):45-65.

_Annas, George J., and Michael A. Grodin, eds. 1992. The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

_Annas, George J., and Michael A. Grodin. 1999. Medical Ethics and Human Rights: Legacies of Nuremberg. Hofstra Law and Policy Symposium 3:111-124.

_Appleman, John A. 1954. Military Tribunals and International Crimes. Indianapolis, IN: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc.

_Arendt, Hannah. 1990. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York, NY: Viking Press.

_Baker, Kendall L. 1981. Germany Transformed: Political Culture and the New Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_Bal, Mieke, Jonathan Crewe, and Leo Spitzer, eds. 1999. Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

_Bar-On, Dan. 1990. Children of Perpetrators of the Holocaust. Working Through One's Own Moral Self. Psychiatry Interpersonal and Biological Processes 53 (3):229-245.

_Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 1986. Nuremberg Forty Years After: An Introduction. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 18 (2):261-266.

_Beattie, Andrew H. July, 2009. An Evolutionary Process: Contributions of the Bundestag Inquiries into East Germany to an Understanding of the Role of Truth Commissions. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Benton, Wilbourn E., and George Grimm, eds. 1955. Nuremberg: German Views of the War Trials. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press.

_Berger, Robert L. 1990. Nazi Science: The Dachau Hypothermia Experiments. New England Journal of Medicine 322 (20):1435-1440.

_Bergmann, Werner, and Rainer Erb. 1997. Anti-Semitism in Germany: The Post-Nazi Epoch since 1945. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publications.

_Bernstein, Victor Heine. 1947. Final Judgment: The Story of Nuremberg. New York, NY: Boni & Gaer.

_Biddle, Francis. 1947. The Nuremberg Trial. Virginia Law Review 33 (6):679-696.

_Binder, Guyora. 1989. Representing Nazism: Advocacy and Identity at the Trial of Klaus Barbie. Yale Law Journal 98 (7):1321-1383.

_Birmingham, Robert L. 1962. The War Crimes Trial: A Second Look. University of Pittsburgh Law Review 24 (1):132-153.

_Blankenburg, Erhard. 1995. Purge of Lawyers after the Breakdown of the East German Communist Regime. Law and Social Inquiry 20 (1):223-244.

_Blass, Thomas. 1993. Psychological Perspectives on the Perpetrators of the Holocaust: The Role of Situational Pressure, Personal Dispositions, and Their Interactions. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 7 (1):30-50.

_Bower, Tom. 1995. Blind Eye to Murder: Britain, America and the Purging of Nazi Germany - A Pledge Betrayed. London, UK: Little.

_Boyes, Roger, and William Horsley. 1995. The Germans as Victims: A British View. World Today, 110-114.

_Bren, Paulina. 1994. Czech Restitution Laws Rekindle Sudeten Germans' Grievances. RFE/RL Research Reports 3 (2):17-22.

_Breyer, Stephen G. 1996. Crimes Against Humanity: Nuremberg, 1946. New York University Law Review 71 (5):1161-1164.

_Browning, Christopher R. 1992. Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.

_Brudholm, Thomas. 2006. Surveying a Gap: A Philosophical Perspective on Historians' Responses to Discourses on the 'Bystanders'. Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History 11 (2):1-23.

_Buruma, Ian. 1994. The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and Japan. New York, NY: Farrar Straus Giroux.

_Buscher, Frank. 1989. The US War Crimes Trial Program in Germany, 1946-1955. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.

_Clark, Roger S. 1997. Nuremberg and Tokyo in Contemporary Perspective. In The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches, edited by T. L. H. McCormack and G. J. Simpson. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.

_Conot, Robert E. 1983. Justice at Nuremberg. New York, NY: Harper and Row.

_Conway, John S. 1994. The 'Stasi' and the Churches: Between Coercion and Compromise in East German Protestantism, 1949-89. Journal of Church and State 36 (4):725-746.

_Cooper, Belinda. 1999. War Crimes: The Legacy of Nuremberg. New York, NY: TV Books.

_Dadrian, Vahakn N. 1998. The Historical and Legal Interconnections Between the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: From Impunity to Retributive Justice. Yale Journal of International Law 23 (2):503-560.

_Dalton, Russell. 1994. Communists and Democrats: Democratic Attitudes in the Two Germanies. British Journal of Political Science 24 (4):469-493.

_Dawidowicz, Lucy S. 1981. The Holocaust and the Historians. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_De Mildt, Dick. 1996. In the Name of the People: Perpetrators of Genocide in the Reflection of their Post-War Prosecution in West Germany - The 'Euthanasia' and 'Aktion Reinhard' Trial Cases. The Hague, Netherlands: Nijhoff.

_Deák, István, Jan T. Gross, and Tony Judt, eds. 2000. The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and Its Aftermath. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

_Douglas, Lawrence. 1995. Film as Witness: Screening 'Nazi Concentration Camps' Before the Nuremberg Trial. Yale Law Journal 105 (2):449-482.

_Dreifuss, Gustav. 1980. Psychotherapy of Nazi Victims. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 34 (1):40-44.

_Epstein, Helen. 1979. Children of the Holocaust. New York, NY: Penguin Books.

_Falk, Richard A. 1971. Nuremberg: Past, Present, and Future. Yale Law Journal 80 (7):1501-1528.

_Fassbender, Bardo. 1994. A Novel, Germany's Past and the Dilemmas of Civilised Germans. Hungarian Quarterly 35 (136):54-62.

_Fassbender, Bardo. 1999. Rehabilitation and Compensation of Victims of Human Rights Violations Suffered in East Germany (1945-1990). In State Responsibility and the Individual: Reparation in Instances of Grave Violations of Human Rights, edited by A. Randelzhofer and C. Tomuschat. The Hague, Netherlands: Martin Nijhoff Publishers.

_Fein, Helen. 1979. Accounting for Genocide: National Responses and Jewish Victimization during the Holocaust. New York, NY: Free Press.

_Ferencz, Benjamin B. 1948. Nuremberg Trial Procedure and the Rights of the Accused. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 39 (2):144-151.

_Ferencz, Benjamin B. 1999. A Prosecutor's Personal Account: From Nuremberg to Rome. Journal of International Affairs 52 (2):455-469.

_Finkielkraut, Alain. 1992. Remembering in Vain: The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

_Fogelson, Steven. 1990. The Nuremberg Legacy: An Unfulfilled Promise. Southern California Law Review 63 (3):833-905.

_Friedlander, Saul, ed. 1992. Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the 'Final Solution'. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_Friedlander, Saul. 1993. Memory, History, and the Extermination of the Jews of Europe. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

_Frommer, Benjamin. 2005. National Cleansing: Retribution Against Nazi Collaborators in Postwar Czechoslovakia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Futamura, Madok. 2007. War Crimes Tribunals and Transitional Justice: The Tokyo Trial and the Nuremburg Legacy. New York, NY: Routledge.

_Gallagher, Hugh Gregory. 1990. By Trust Betrayed: Patients, Physicians, and the License to Kill in the Third Reich. New York, NY: Henry Hold.

_Gardner Feldman, Lily. 1999. The Principle and Practice of 'Reconciliation' in German Foreign Policy: Relations with France, Israel, Poland and the Czech Republic. International Affairs 75 (2):333-356.

_Garton Ash, Timothy. 1997. The File: A Personal History. New York, NY: Random House.

_Gauck, Joachim. 1994. Dealing with a Stasi Past. Daedalus 123 (1):277-284.

_Gilbert, Gustave. 1947. Nuremberg Diary. New York, NY: Farrar Straus.

_Ginsburgs, George. 1966. Moscow's Road to Nuremberg: The Soviet Background to the Trial. Boston, MA: M. Nijhoff.

_Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. 1997. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York, NY: Vintage.

_Golsan, Richard, ed. 1996. Memory, The Holocaust, and French Justice: The Bousquet and Touvier Affairs. New Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press.

_Goodman, Micah. 1996. After The Wall: The Legal Ramifications of the East German Border Guard Trials in Unified Germany. Cornell International Law Journal 29 (3):727-765.

_Gottschlich, Jürgen. 1997. The Price of Truth: How Disclosures Affect Germany's East-West Relations. Track Two 6 (3-4):21-23, 39.

_Grabitz, Helge. 1988. Problems of Nazi Trials in the Federal Republic of Germany. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 3 (2):209-222.

_Grunebaum-Ralph, Heidi. 1996. Saying the Unspeakable: Language and Identity after Auschwitz as a Narrative Model for Articulating Memory in South Africa. Current Writing 8 (2):13-22.

_Gutman, Israel, ed. 1990. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York, NY: Macmillan.

_Harms, Kathy, ed. 1990. Coping with the Past: Germany and Austria after 1945. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

_Harris, Whitney R. 1970. Tyranny On Trial: The Evidence at Nuremberg. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press.

_Harris, Whitney R. 1986. Justice Jackson at Nuremberg. International Lawyer 20 (3):867-896.

_Hartman, Geoffrey H, ed. 1994. Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

_Harwood, Richard. 1978. Nuremberg and Other War Crimes Trials: A New Look. Southam, UK: Historical Review Press.

_Heazlett, Elizabeth. 1962. Eichmann - International Law. University of Pittsburgh Law Review 24 (1):116-131.

_Herz, John H. 1982. Denazification and Related Policies. In From Dictatorship to Democracy: Coping with the Legacies of Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, edited by J. H. Herz. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

_Hoedeman, Paul. 1991. Hitler or Hippocrates: Medical Experiments and Euthanasia in the Third Reich. Sussex, UK: Book Guild.

_Honig, Frederick. 1954. The Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany. American Journal of International Law 48 (4):564-578.

_Horwitz, Gordon J. 1990. In the Shadow of Death: Living Outside the Gates of Mauthausen. New York, NY: Free Press.

_Jaspers, Karl. 1947. The Significance of the Nuremberg Trials for Germany and the World. Notre Dame Law Review 22 (2):150-160.

_Jaspers, Karl. 1961. The Question of German Guilt. New York, NY: Capricorn Books.

_Kamali, Maryam. 2001. Accountability for Human Rights Violations: A Comparison of Transitional Justice in East Germany and South Africa. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 40 (1):90-137.

_Karstedt, Susanne. 1998. Coming to Terms with the Past in Germany after 1945 and 1989: Public Judgements on Procedures and Justice. Law and Policy 20 (1):15-56.

_Kaslow, Florence W. 1995. Descendants of Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators - Legacies and Dialogue. Contemporary Family Therapy 17 (3):275-290.

_Katz, Jay. 1997. Human Sacrifice and Human Experimentation: Reflections at Nuremberg. Yale Journal of International Law 22 (2):401-418.

_Kelsen, Hans. 1947. Will the Judgment in the Nuremberg Trial Constitute a Precedent in International Law? International Law Quarterly 1 (2):153-171.

_Kladov, Ignatii Fedorovich. 1944. The People's Verdict: A Full Report of the Proceedings at the Krasnodar and Kharkov German Atrocity Trials. New York, NY: Hutchinson & Co., Ltd.

_Kochavi, Arieh J. 1991. Anglo-Soviet Differences Over a Policy Towards War Criminals, 1942-1943. Slavonic and East European Review 69 (3):458-477.

_Koshar, Rudy. 2000. From Monuments to Traces: Artifacts of German Memory, 1870-1990. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

_Kramer, Jane. 1996. The Politics of Memory: Looking for Germany in the New Germany. New York, NY: Random House.

_Kremnitzer, Mordechai. 1996. The Demjanjuk Case. In War Crimes in International Law, edited by Y. Dinstein and M. Tabory. Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff.

_Lambert, Thomas F. J. 1995. Recalling the War Crimes Trials of World War II. Military Law Review 149:15-24.

_Lemke, Christiane. 1992. Trials and Tribulations: The Stasi Legacy in Contemporary German Politics. German Politics and Society 26:43-53.

_Levi, Primo. 1988. The Drowned and the Saved. Translated by R. Rosenthal. New York, NY: Summit Books.

_Lipstadt, Deborah E. 1993. Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. New York, NY: Free Press.

_Ludtke, Alf. 1993. Coming to Terms with the Past: Illusions of Remembering, Ways of Forgetting Nazism in West-Germany. Journal of Modern History 65 (3):542-572.

_Maier, Charles S. 1988. The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust and German National Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_Maier, Charles S. 1988. The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, and German National Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_Markovits, Andrei, and Simon Reich. 1997. The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

_Marrus, Michael. 1997. The Nuremburg War Crimes Tribunal, 1945-46: A Documentary History. Boston, MA: Bedford Books.

_Marxen, Klaus. 1996. The Legal Limitations of Amnesty. In Confronting Past Injustices: Approaches to Amnesty, Punishment, Reparation and Restitution in South Africa and Germany, edited by M. R. Rwelamira and G. Werle. Durban, South Africa: Butterworths.

_Massey, Stephen J. 1986. Individual Responsibility for Assisting Nazis in Persecuting Civilians. Minnesota Law Review 71 (1):97-170.

_McAdams, A. James. 1996. The Honecker Trial: The East German Past and the German Future. Review of Politics 58 (1):53-80.

_McAdams, A. James. 1997. Communism on Trial: The East German Past and German Future. In Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, edited by A. J. McAdams. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

_McAdams, A. James. 2001. Judging the Past in Unified Germany. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

_McAdams, A. James. 2001. Reappraising the Conditions of Transitional Justice in Unified Germany. East European Constitutional Review 10 (1):53-60.

_McIntyre, Dina Ghandy. 1962. Symposium: War Crimes Trials. University of Pittsburgh Law Review 24 (1):73-115.

_Merritt, Anna J., and Richard L. Merritt, eds. 1970. Public Opinion in Occupied Germany: The OMGUS-Surveys, 1945-1949. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

_Merritt, Anna J., and Richard L. Merritt, eds. 1980. Public Opinion in Semi-Sovereign Germany: The HICOG Surveys, 1949-1955. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

_Mitscherlich, Alexander, and Fred Meilke. 1962. The Death Doctors. London, UK: Elek Books.

_Mitscherlich, Alexander, and Fred Mielke. 1949. Doctors of Infamy: The Story of the Nazi Medical Crimes. New York, NY: Schuman.

_Moeller, James W. 1985. United States Treatment of Alleged Nazi War Criminals: International Law, Immigration Law and the Need for International Cooperation. Virginia Journal of International Law 25 (4):793-868.

_Mor, Naom. 1990. Holocaust Messages From the Past. Contemporary Family Therapy 12 (5):371.

_Muller, Jan-Werner. 2001. East Germany: Incorporation, Tainted Truth, and the Double Division. In The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, edited by A. Barahona de Brito, C. González-Enríquez and P. Aguilar. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

_Myerson, Moses Hyman. 1944. Germany's War Crimes and Punishment: The Problem of Individual and Collective Criminality. Toronto, Canada: Macmillan.

_Olick, Jeffrey. 1999. Genre Memories and Memory Genres: A Dialogical Analysis of May 8, 1945 Commemorations in The Federal Republic of Germany. American Sociological Review 64 (3):381-402.

_Osiel, Mark J. 2003. Arendt's Critique of Criminal Law in the Eichmann Trial. In Sul Male: A Partire da Hannah Arendt, edited by E. Donaggio and D. Scalzo. Rome, Italy: Meltemi.

_Overy, Richard. 2003. The Nuremberg Trials: International Law in the Making. In From Nuremberg to the Hague: The Future of International Criminal Justice, edited by P. Sands. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

_Parker, John J. 1951. International Trial at Nuremberg: Giving Vitality to International Law. ABA Journal 37:493-555.

_Paust, Jordan. 1989. Universality and the Responsibility to Enforce International Criminal Law: No US Sanctuary for Alleged Nazi War Criminals. Houston Journal of International Law 11 (2):337-344.

_Perl, Gisella. 1979. I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz. New York, NY: Arno Press.

_Piszkiewicz, Dennis. 1995. The Nazi Rocketeers: Dreams of Space and Crimes of War. Westport, CT: Praeger.

_Platz, W. E. Oberlaender. 1995. On the Problems of Expert Opinion on Holocaust Survivors Submitted to the Compensation Authorities in Germany. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 18 (3):305-321.

_Pross, Christian. 1998. Paying for the Past: The Struggle Over Reparations for Surviving Victims of Nazi Terror. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

_Rabinbach, Anson. 1996. The German as Pariah: Karl Jaspers and the Question of German Guilt. Radical Philosophy 75:15-25.

_Rodgers, James. 1983. Remembering Nuremberg. ABA Journal 79:88-92.

_Rosenbaum, Alan S. 1993. Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

_Rosenman, Stanley, and I. Handelsman. 1990. The Collective Past, Group Psychology and Personal Narrative: Shaping Jewish Identity by Memoirs of the Holocaust. American Journal of Psychoanalysis 50 (2):151-170.

_Rwelamira, Medard R., and Gerhard Werle, eds. 1996. Confronting Past Injustices: Approaches to Amnesty, Punishment, Reparation and Restitution in South Africa and Germany. Durban, South Africa: Butterworths.

_Sa'adah, Anne. 1998. Germany's Second Chance: Trust, Justice, and Democratization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

_Sa'adah, Anne. 2006. Regime Change: Lessons from Germany on Justice, Institution Building, and Democracy. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (3):303-323.

_Schaap, Andrew. 2001. Guilty Subjects and Political Responsibility: Arendt, Jaspers and the Resonance of the German Question in Politics of Reconciliation. Political Studies 49 (4):749-766.

_Schwerin, Kurt. 1972. German Compensation for Victims of Nazi Persecution. Northwestern University Law Review 67 (4):479-527.

_Segev, Tom. 1993. The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust. New York, NY: Hill and Wang.

_Smith, Arthur L. J. 1990. A View of US Policy toward Jewish Restitution. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 5 (3):247-259.

_Sobchak, Natalie J. 1989. The Aftermath of Nuremberg: The Problems of Suspected War Criminals in America. New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 6 (2):425-468.

_Southern, David B. 1993. Restitution or Compensation: The Land Question in East Germany. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 42 (3):690-697.

_Southern, David B. 1993. Restitution or Compensation: The Open Property Question. German Politics 2 (3):436-449.

_Stern, Frank. 1992. The Whitewashing of the Yellow Badge: Antisemitism and Philosemitism in Postwar Germany. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

_Stern, Fritz. 1993. Freedom and its Discontents. Foreign Affairs 72 (4):108-125.

_Taylor, Telford. 1970. Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy. Chicago, IL: Quadrangle.

_Taylor, Telford. 1992. The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials: A Personal Memoir. New York, NY: Alfred Knopf.

_Teicholz, Tom. 1990. The Trial of Ivan the Terrible: State of Israel Vs. John Demjanjuk. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.

_Tent, James F. 1982. Mission on the Rhine. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

_Torpey, John. 1993. Coming to Terms with the Communist Past: East Germany in Comparative Perspective. German Politics 2 (3):415-435.

_Torpey, John. 1993. The Past as Arsenal: German Unification. German Politics and Society 30:1-86.

_Tusa, Ann, and John Tusa. 1984. The Nuremberg Trial. New York, NY: Athenium.

_Viout, Jean-Olivier. 1999. The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity. Hofstra Law and Policy Symposium 3:155-166.

_Von Knieriem, August. 1959. The Nuremberg Trials. Chicago, IL: H. Regnery Co.

_Walther, Suzanne. 1995. Problems in Blaming and Punishing Individuals for Human Rights Violations: The Example of the Berlin Wall Shootings. In Impunity and Human Rights in International Law and Practice, edited by N. Roht-Arriaza. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

_Wechsler, Herbert. 1947. The Issues of the Nuremberg Trial. Political Science Quarterly 62 (1):11-26.

_Weidenfeld, Werner, and Felix Phillip Lutz. 1994. The Divided Nation: Historical Consciousness in Post-Unification Germany. German Politics and Society 33:117-145.

_Weinschenk, Fritz. 1999. 'The Murderers Among Them' - German Justice and the Nazis. Hofstra Law and Policy Symposium 3:137-154.

_Wenig, Jonathan M. 1997. Enforcing the Lessons of History: Israel Judges the Holocaust. In The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches, edited by T. L. H. McCormack and G. J. Simpson. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.

_Werle, Gerhard. 1995. 'We Asked for Justice and We Got the Rule of Law': German Courts and the Totalitarian Past. South African Journal on Human Rights 11 (70-83).

_Wiesenthal, Simon. 1989. Justice Not Vengeance. Translated by E. Osers. New York, NY: Grove Weidenfeld.

_Wiesenthal, Simon. 1998. The Sunflower: On the Possibilities and Limits of Forgiveness. New York, NY: Schocken Books.

_Wilke, Christiane. 2007. The Shield, the Sword, and the Party: Vetting the East German Public Sector. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

_Winkler, Heinrich August. 1994. Rebuilding of a Nation: The Germans Before and After Unification. Daedalus 123 (1):107-127.

_Winrow, Gareth. 1990. East Germany, Israel and the Reparations Issue. Soviet Jewish Affairs. A Journal of Jewish Problems in the USSR and Eastern Europe 20 (1).

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Greece

_Alivizatos, Nicos C., and P. Nikiforos Diamandouros. 1997. Politics and the Judiciary in the Greek Transition to Democracy. In Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, edited by A. J. McAdams. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

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Hungary

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_Fahidi, Gergely. 1994. Paying for the Past: The Politics and Economics of Compensation. Hungarian Quarterly 35 (136):54-62.

_Halmai, Gábor, and Kim Lane Scheppele. 1997. Living Well is the Best Revenge: The Hungarian Approach to Judging the Past. In Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, edited by A. J. McAdams. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

_Kiss, Csilla. 2006. The Misuses of Manipulation: The Failure of Transitional Justice is Post-Communist Hungary. Europe-Asia Studies 58 (6):925-940.

_Morvai, Krisztina. 1993. Retroactive Justice Based on International Law: A Recent Decision by the Hungarian Constitutional Court. East European Constitutional Review 2 (4):33-34.

_Oltay, Edith. 1994. Hungary's Screening Law. RFE/RL Research Reports 3 (15):13-15.

_Paczolay, Peter. 1992. Judicial Review of Compensation in Hungary. Michigan Journal of International Law 13 (4):806-831.

_Roht-Arriaza, Naomi, and Lauren Gibson. 1998. The Developing Jurisprudence on Amnesty. Human Rights Quarterly 20 (4):843-885.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2007. Goulash Justice for Goulash Communism? Explaining Transitional Justice in Hungary. Studia Politica 7 (2):269-292.

_Volgyes, Ivan. 1989. Hungary: Dancing in the Shackles of the Past. Current History November.

_Zielinski, Jakub. 1999. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule and the Problem of Violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution 43 (2):213-228.

Ireland

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_Arthur, Paul. 1995. Some Thoughts on Transition. A Comparative View of the Peace Processes in South Africa and Northern Ireland. Government and Opposition 30 (1):48-59.

_Bell, Christine. 2003. Dealing With the Past in Northern Ireland. Fordham International Law Journal 26 (4):1095-1147.

_Boyle, Kevin, Colm Campbell, and Tom Hadden. 1996. The Protection of Human Rights in the Context of Peace and Reconciliation in Ireland, Forum for Peace and Reconciliation: Consultancy Studies Number Two. Dublin, Ireland: Government of Ireland.

_Campbell, Colm, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, and Colin Harvey. 2003. The Frontiers of Legal Analysis: Reframing the Transition in Northern Ireland. Modern Law Review 66 (6):317-345.

_Campbell, Colm and Ita Connolly. 2012. The Sharp End: Armed Opposition Movements, Transitional Truth Processes and the Rechtsstaat. The International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 6. Oxford University Press

_Connolly, Christopher K. 2006. Living on the Past: The Role of Truth Commissions in Post-Conflict Societies and the Case Study of Northern Ireland. Cornell International Law Journal 39 (2):401-434.

_Duffy, Aoife. March, 2010. A Truth Commission for Northern Ireland?. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Eriksson, Anna. November, 2009. A Bottom-Up Approach to Transformative Justice in Northern Ireland. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Hamber, Brandon, ed. 1998. Past Imperfect: Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland and Societies in Transition. Derry, Northern Ireland: INCORE.

_Hamber, Brandon. 2003. Rights and Reasons: Challenges For Truth Recovery in South Africa and Northern Ireland. Fordham International Law Journal 26 (4):1074-1094.

_Hamber, Brandon. 2003. Rights and Reasons: Challenges for Truth Recovery in South African and Northern Ireland. Fordham International Law Journal 26 (4):1074-1094.

_Hamber, Brandon, and Gráinne Kelly. 2009. Understandings of Reconciliation in Northern Ireland. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, edited by H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.

_Knox, Colin, and Padraic Quirk, eds. 2001. Peace Building in Northern Ireland, Israel, and South Africa: Transition, Transformation and Reconciliation. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press Ltd.

_Lundy, Patricia, and Mark McGovern. 2006. A Truth Commission for Northern Ireland? In Research Update: ARK.

_Lundy, Patricia. November, 2009. Exploring Home-Grown Transitional Justice and Its Dilemmas: A Case Study of the Historical Enquiries Team, Northern Ireland. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_McGovern, Mark, and Patricia Lundy. 2001. The Politics of Memory in Post-Conflict Northern Ireland. Peace Review 13 (1):27-33.

_Morrissey, Mike, and Marie Smyth. 2002. Northern Ireland After the Good Friday Agreement: Victims, Grievance, and Blame. London, UK: Pluto Press.

_Rolston, Bill. 1996. Turning the Page without Closing the Book: The Right to Truth in the Irish Context. Dublin, Ireland: Irish Reporter Publications.

_Rolston, Bill. 2002. Assembling the Jigsaw: Truth, Justice and Transition in the North of Ireland. Race and Class 44 (1):87-105.

_Rolston, Bill. 2006. Dealing with the Past: Pro-State Paramilitaries, Truth and Transition in Northern Ireland. Human Rights Quarterly 28 (3):652-675.

Italy

_Di Palma, Giuseppe. 1982. Italy: Is There a Legacy and Is It Fascist? In From Dictatorship to Democracy: Coping with the Legacies of Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, edited by J. H. Herz. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

_Domenico, Roy Palmer. 1991. Italian Fascist on Trial, 1943-1948. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.

Latvia

_Skultans, Vieda. 1998. The Testimony of Lives: Narrative and Memory in Post-Soviet Latvia. New York, NY: Routledge.

Norway

_Elster, Jon. 2006. Redemption for Wrongdoing: The Fate of Collaborators after 1945. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (3):324-338.

Poland

_Bertschi, Charles C. 1995. Lustration and the Transition to Democracy. The Cases of Poland and Bulgaria. East European Quarterly 2 (4):435-451.

_Browning, Christopher R. 1992. Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.

_Czarnota, Adam. 2007. The Politics of the Lustration Law in Poland, 1989-2006. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

_David, Roman. 2003. Lustration Laws in Action: The Motives and the Evaluation of the Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland. Law and Social Inquiry 28 (2):387-439.

_David, Roman. 2006. In Exchange for Truth: The Polish Lustration and the South African Amnesty Process. Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies 32 (1):81-99.

_Malcher, George Charles. 1993. Blank Pages: Soviet Genocide Against the Polish People. Woking, UK: Pyrford Press.

_Misztal, Barbara A. 1999. How Not to Deal with the Past: Lustration in Poland. Archives Europeennes De Sociologie 40 (1):31-55.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2006. Transition, Justice and Transitional Justice in Poland. Studia Politica 6 (2):257-284.

_Szczerbiak, Aleks. 2002. Dealing with the Communist Past or the Politics of the Present? Lustration in Post-Communist Poland. Europe-Asia Studies 54 (4):553-572.

_Vinton, Louisa. 1993. The Katyn Documents: Politics and History. RFE/RL Research Reports 2 (4):19-31.

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Portugal

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Romania

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_Stan, Lavinia. 2002. Access to Securitate Files: The Trials and Tribulations of a Romanian Law. East European Politics and Societies 16 (1):55-90.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2002. Moral Cleansing Romanian Style. Problems of Post-Communism 49 (4):52-62.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2006. Lustration in Romania: The Story of a Failure. Studia Politica 6 (1):135-156.

_Stan, Lavinia. 2006. The Roof over Our Head: Property Restitution in Romania. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 22 (2):180-205.

Russia

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_Adler, Nanci. 2001. In Search of Identity: The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Recreation of Russia. In The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, edited by A. Barahona de Brito, C. González-Enríquez and P. Aguilar. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

_Andrieu, Kora. 2011. An Unfinished Business: Transitional Justice and Democratization in Post-Soviet Russia. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Marcus, Maxine. 2002. Post-Conflict Justice in Chechnya: Faltering Justice. In Post-Conflict Justice, edited by M. C. Bassiouni. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers.

_Sherlock, Thomas. 2007. Shaping Political Identity Through Historical Discourse: The Memory of Soviet Mass Crimes. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, edited by B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press.

_Solzhenitsyn, Aleksander. 1974. The Gulag Archipelago. New York, NY: Harper Perennial Modern Classics.

_White, Anne. 1995. The Memorial Society in the Russian Provinces. Europe-Asia Studies 47 (8):1343-1366.

_Yasmann, Victor. 1993. Legislation on Screening and State Security in Russia. RFE/RL Research Reports 2 (32):11-16.

Spain

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_Davis, Madeleine. 2005. Is Spain Recovering its Memory? Breaking the Pacto del Olvido. Human Rights Quarterly 27 (3):858-880.

_Malefakis, Edward. 1982. Spain and Its Francoist Heritage. In From Dictatorship to Democracy: Coping with the Legacies of Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, edited by J. H. Herz. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Turkey

_Basoglu, Metin Paker. 1994. Factors Related to Long-Term Traumatic Stress Responses in Survivors of Torture in Turkey. Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (5):357-363.

_Basoglu, Metin Paker. 1994. Psychological Effects of Torture: A Comparison of Tortured with Non-tortured Political Activists in Turkey. American Journal of Psychiatry 151 (1):76-81.

Yugoslavia

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_Affolder, Natasha A. 1998. Tadic, The Anonymous Witness and the Sources of International Procedural Law. Michigan Journal of International Law 19 (2):445-496.

_Ajdukovic, Dean, and Dinka Corkalo. 2005. Trust and Betrayal in War. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, edited by E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Akhavan, Payam. 2001. The New Frontiers of Judicial Enforcement: The International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms: Essays in Honour of Jakob Th. Moller, edited by G. Alfredsson. The Hague, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

_Akhavan, Payam. 2005. Justice, Power, and the Realities of Interdependence: Lessons from the Milosevic and Hussein Trials. Cornell International Law Journal 38 (3):973-982.

_Akhaven, Payam. 1993. Punishing War Crimes in the Former Yugoslavia: A Critical Juncture for the New World Order. Human Rights Quarterly 15 (2):262-289.

_Akhaven, Payam. 1996. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: The Politics and Pragmatics of Punishment. American Journal of International Law 90 (3):501-510.

_Akhaven, Payam. 1996. The Yugoslav Tribunal at a Crossroads: The Dayton Peace Agreement and Beyond. Human Rights Quarterly 18 (2):259-285.

_Akhaven, Payam. 1998. Justice in The Hague, Peace in the Former Yugoslavia? A Commentary on the United Nations War Crimes Tribunal. Human Rights Quarterly 20 (4):737-816.

_Akhaven, Payam. 2001. Beyond Impunity: Can International Criminal Justice Prevent Atrocities? American Journal of International Law 95 (1):7-31.

_Allen, Beverly. 1996. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

_Alvarez, José E. 1996. Nuremberg Revisited: The Tadic Case. European Journal of International Law 7 (2):245-264.

_Alvarez, José E. 1998. Rush to Closure: Lessons of the Tadic Judgment. Michigan Law Review 96 (7):2031-2112.

_Arbour, Louise. 1999. The Status of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda: Goals and Results. Hofstra Law and Policy Symposium 3:37-46.

_Arbour, Louise. 2000. The International Tribunals for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. McGill Law Journal 46 (1):195-201.

_Arbour, Louise, and Aryeh Neier. 1998. History and Future of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. American University International Law Review 13 (6):1495-1508.

_Arzt, Donna E. January 2006. Views on the Ground: The Local Perceptions of International Criminal Tribunals in the Former Yugoslavia and Sierra Leone. Annals of the American Academy (603).

_Askin, Kelly D. 1999. Sexual Violence in Decisions and Indictments of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals: Current Status. American Journal of International Law 93 (1):97-123.

_Askin, Kelly D. 2000. Judgments Rendered in 1999 by the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda. ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law 6 (2):485-505.

_Askin, Kelly Dawn. 1997. War Crimes against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals. The Hague, Netherlands: Martin Nijhoff.

_Askin, Kelly Dawn. 2000. The ICTY: An Introduction to its Origins, Rules and Jurisprudence. In Essays on ICTY Procedure and Evidence in Honour of Gabrielle Kirk McDonald, edited by R. May, D. Tolbert, J. Hocking, K. Roberts, B. B. Jia, D. A. Mundis and G. Oosthuizen. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.

_Askin, Kelly Dawn. 2003. Reflections on Some of the Most Significant Achievements of the ICTY. New England Law Review 37 (4):903-914.

_Aydelott, Danise. 1993. Mass Rape During War: Prosecuting Bosnian Rapists Under International Law. Emory International Law Review 7 (2):585-631.

_Ballinger, Pamela. 2002. History in Exile: Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

_Bass, Gary J. 2000. Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

_Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 2002. The United Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) to Investigate Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Former Yugoslavia. In Post-Conflict Justice, edited by M. C. Bassiouni. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers.

_Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Peter Manikas. 1996. The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal For the Former Yugoslavia. Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers.

_Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Marcia McCormick. 1996. Sexual Violence: An Invisible Weapon of War in the Former Yugoslavia. Chicago, IL: International Human Rights Law Institute.

_Biro, Miklos, Dean Ajdukovic, Dinka Corkalo, Dino Djipa, Petar Milin, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. Attitudes Toward Justice and Social Reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, edited by E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Black, Christopher. 2000. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Impartial? Mediterranean Quarterly 11 (2):29-40.

_Blakesley, Christopher L. 1997. Atrocity and Its Prosecution: The Ad Hoc Tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. In The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches, edited by T. L. H. McCormack and G. J. Simpson. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.

_Blotner, Pamela. 2005. Art Out of the Rubble. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, edited by E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Bodley, Anne. 1999. Weakening the Principle of Sovereignty in International Law: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 31 (2-3):417-472.

_Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja. 2000. The Yugoslavia Tribunal and the Common Core of Humanitarian Law Applicable to all Armed Conflicts. Leiden Journal of International Law 13 (3):619-653.

_Booth, Ken. 2001. The Kosovo Tragedy: The Human Rights Dimensions. London, UK: Frank Cass.

_Boyle, Francis. 1996. The Bosnian People Charge Genocide: Proceedings at the International Court of Justice Concerning Bosnia v. Serbia on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Amherst, MA: Aletheia Press.

_Campbell, David. 1998. National Deconstruction: Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

_Campbell, Kirsten. 2003. Rape as a 'Crime Against Humanity': Trauma, Law and Justice in the ICTY. Journal of Human Rights 2 (4):507-515.

_Campbell, Kirsten. 2007. The Gender of Transitional Justice: Law, Sexual Violence and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1 (3):411-432.

_Cervoni, Rocco P. 1997. Beating Plowshares into Swords - Reconciling the Sovereign Right to Self-determination with Individual Human Rights through an International Criminal Court: The Lessons of the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda as a Frontispiece. St. John's Journal of Legal Commentary 12 (2):477-534.

_Chaney, Kevin R. 1995. Pitfalls and Imperatives: Applying the Lessons of Nuremberg to the Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal. Dickinson Journal of International Law 14 (1):57-94.

_Chesterman, Simon. 1997. Never Again. and Again: Law, Order, and the Gender of War Crimes in Bosnia and Beyond. Yale Journal of International Law 22 (2):299-344.

_Cigar, Norman. 1995. Genocide in Bosnia: The Policy of Ethnic Cleansing. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press.

_Cissé, Catherine. 1997. The International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda: Some Elements of Comparison. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems 7 (1):103-118.

_Corkalo, Dinka, Dean Ajdukovic, Harvey M. Weinstein, Eric Stover, Dino Djipa, and Miklos Biro. 2005. Neighbors Again? Intercommunity Relations After Ethnic Cleansing. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, edited by E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Creta, Vincent M. 1998. The Search for Justice in the Former Yugoslavia and Beyond: Analyzing the Rights of the Accused Under the Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Houston Journal of International Law 20 (2):381-418.

_Cushman, Thomas, and Stjepan Mestrovic, eds. 1996. This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia. New York, NY: New York University Press.

_D'Amato, Anthony. 1994. Peace vs. Accountability in Bosnia. American Journal of International Law 88 (3):500-505.

_Di Giovanni, Janine. 1994. The Quick and the Dead: Under Siege in Sarajevo. London, UK: Phoenix House.

_Dimitrijevic, Vojin. 2002. Justice Must Be Done and Be Seen to Be Done: The Milosevic Trial. East European Constitutional Review 11 (1/2):59-62.

_Dixon, Rod. 1997. Developing International Rules of Evidence for the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems 7 (1):81-102.

_Drakulic, Slavenka. 1996. The Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. New York, NY: Perennial.

_Ellis, Mark S. 1997. Achieving Justice Before the International War Crimes Tribunal: Challenges for the Defense Council. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 7 (2):519-537.

_Ellis, Mark S. 1999. Bringing Justice to an Embattled Region - Creating and Implementing the 'Rules of the Road' for Bosnia-Herzegovina. Berkeley Journal of International Law 17 (1):1-25.

_Fabian, Kellye L. 2000. Proof and Consequences: An Analysis of the Tadic [Prosecutor v. Tadic, [1997] 36 I.L.M. 908] & Akayesu [Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T (Sept. 2, 1998)] Trials. DePaul Law Review 49 (4):981-1039.

_Fatic, Aleksander. 2000. Reconciliation Via the War Crimes Tribunal. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

_Fein, Helen. 1994. The Prevention of Genocide: Rwanda and Yugoslavia Reconsidered. New York, NY: Institute for the Study of Genocide.

_Felde, Kitty, Kirk McDonald, Alan Tieger, Michail Wladimroff, and Paul Hoffman. 1998. The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic. American University International Law Review 13 (6):1441-1468.

_Fletcher, Laurel E., and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. A World Unto Itself? The Application of International Justice in the Former Yugoslavia. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, edited by E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Forsythe, David P. 1994. Politics and the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Criminal Law Forum 5 (2-3):401-422.

_Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, Dinka Corkalo, Naomi Levy, Dino Abazovic, Bronwyn Leebaw, Dean Ajdukovic, Dino Djipa, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. Public Education and Social Reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, edited by E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

_Goldstone, Richard J. 1995. The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: A Case Study in Security Council Action. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 6 (1):5-10.

_Goldstone, Richard J. 1997. Assessing the Work of the United Nations War Crimes Tribunal. Stanford Journal of International Law 33 (1):1-8.

_Goldstone, Richard J. 1997. The United Nations' War Crimes Tribunals: An Assessment. Connecticut Journal of International Law 12 (2):227-240.

_Gordy, Eric. 2003. Postwar Guilt and Responsibility in Serbia: The Effort to Confront It and the Effort to Avoid It. In Serbia Since 1989: Politics and Society Under Milosevic and After, edited by S. P. Ramet and V. Pavlakovic. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

_Green, Jennifer. 1994. Affecting the Rules for the Prosecution of Rape and Other Gender-Based Violence Before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: A Feminist Proposal and Critique. Hastings Women's Law Journal 5 (2):171-242.

_Greenwood, Christopher. 1993. The International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. International Affairs 69 (4):641-655.

_Grodsky, Brian. 2009. International Prosecutions and Domestic Politics: The Use of Truth Commissions as Compromise Justice in Serbia and Croatia. International Studies Review 11 (4).

_ Grodsky, Brian. 2010. Exploring the Schelling Conjecture in Reverse: 'International Constraints' and Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. European Journal of International Relations.

_Grosscup, Scott. 2004. The Trial of Slobodan Milosevic: The Demise of Head of State Immunity and the Specter of Victor's Justice. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 32 (2):355-381.

_Guest, Iain. 1995. On Trial: The United Nations, War Crimes, and the Former Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C.: Refugee Policy Group.

_Gutman, Roy. 1993. A Witness to Genocide. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing.

_Hagan, John. 2003. Justice in the Balkans: Prosecuting War Crimes in the Hague Tribunal. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

_Haider, Huma. March, 2009. (Re)Imagining Coexistence: Striving for Sustainable Return, Reintegration and Reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The International Journal of Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.

_Hazan, Pierre. 2004. Justice in a Time of War: The True Story Behind the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press.

_Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. 2000. Potential For Changes. Belgrade, Serbia: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia.

_Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. 2000. Serbian Elite. Belgrade, Serbia: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia.

_Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. 2001. The Hague Tribunal: Discord Between Us and the World. Belgrade, Serbia: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia.

_Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. 2001. OTPOR: In or Beyond Politics. Belgrade, Serbia: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia.

_Hoepken, Wolfgang. 1999. War, Memory and Education in a Fragmented Society: The Case of Yugoslavia. East European Politics and Societies 13:190-227.

_Honig, Jan Willem, and Norbert Both. 1996. Srebrenica: Record of a War Crime. New York, NY: Penguin Books.

_Human Rights Watch. 2004. Justice at Risk: War Crimes Trials in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia and Montenegro. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.

_Human Rights Watch. 2006. Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: A Topical Digest of the Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.

_Humphrey, Michael. 2003. International Intervention, Justice and National Reconciliation: The Role of the ICTY and ICTR in Bosnia and Rwanda. Journal of Human Rights 2 (4):495-505.

_Hurlock, William L. 1997. The International Court of Justice: Effectively Providing a Long Overdue Remedy for Ending State-Sponsored Genocide (Bosnia-Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia). American University International Law Review 12 (2):299-328.

_Ignjatovic, D. 2002. Comprehension of War Crimes Against Civilian Population by the Tribunal in the Hague. International Journal for the Semiotic of Law 15 (1):53-78.

_Ilic, Dejan. 2004. The Yugoslav Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Overcoming Cognitive Blocks. Eurozine.

_Johnstone, Diana. 1997. Selective Justice in the Hague. Nation 265 (8):16-21.

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