Old Norse

á (ON) 'on, in, to' (*an 1): ALOFT, GROVEL. Norw loft. Sw loft. Da loft.

ædhr (ON) 'eider': EIDER.

agi (ON) 'fright, fear, dread' (*agh-1): AWE, AWFUL. Cf. Norw age. Sw aga. Da ave.

álfr (ON) 'elf' (*albiz): OAF. Cf. Norw alv.

álka (ON), kind of bird: AUK. Cf. Sw alka. Da alke.

angr (ON) 'grief' (*angh-): ANGER. Du eng. Norw ang, anger, angra. Sw ånger.

ár (ON) 'before' (*ayer-): OR. Cf. Norw aar.

áss (ON) 'a (mountain) ridge' (*omeso-): OS.

áss (ON) 'god' (*ansu-): AESIR.

áss (ON) 'pole': WINDLASS.

at (ON) 'to' (*ad-): ADO. Cf. Norw aat. Sw åt. Da ad.

áttján (ON) 'eighteen' (*oktôu + dekm): ATTO-.

auge (ON) 'eye' (*okw-): WALLEYED, WINDOW.

badhast (ON) 'to bathe oneself': BASK.

bádhir (ON) 'both' (*ambhô-): BOTH. Cf. G beide. Norw baade. Sw båda. Da baade.

baggi (ON) 'bag': BAG.

bálkr (ON) 'partition, low wall' (*bhelg-): BALK, BULK.

band (ON) 'band, fetter' (*bhendh-): BAND, BOND. Cf. G Band, bändigen, Bendel.

banga (ON) 'to cut off': BANG, BANGTAIL.

banna (ON) 'to prohibit, curse' (*bhâ-2): BAN.

bára (ON) 'wave, billow' (*bher-1): BORE. byrr (ON) 'favorable wind' (*bher-1): BIRR.

batna (ON) 'to improve' (*bhad-): BATTEN.

bátr (ON) 'boat' (*bheid-): BATEAU, BOAT, BOATSWAIN.

beit (ON) 'food, pasture' (*bheid-): BAIT.

beita (ON) 'to allow to bite, hunt with dogs, hunt, kill,' beit 'bait for fish,' and beit 'food, pasture' (*bheid-): BAIT.

bekkr (ON) 'stream' (*bhegw-): BECK. Cf. G Bach, Bachstelze.

berg (ON) 'mountain' (*bhergh-2): ICEBERG.

beting (ON) 'bitt': BITT.

beyla (ON) 'a swelling': BAIL.

bikarr (ON) 'beaker': BEAKER.

björn (ON) 'bear' (*bher-3): BERSERKER. G Berserker.

bladhra (ON) 'to prattle' (*bhlê-2): BLATHER.

blanda (ON) 'to mingle, mix' (*bhel-1): BLEND.

blautr (ON) 'soft, wet': BLOAT.

bleikja (ON) 'white color' (*bhel-1): BLEAK.

bleikr (ON) 'shining, white' (*bhel-1): BLEAK.

blesi (ON) 'white mark on an animal's forehead': BLAZE.

blóm (ON) 'flower, blossom' and blómi 'prosperity,' pl. 'flowers' (*bhel-3): BLOOM. Cf. G Blume.

blunda (ON) 'to shut the eyes': BLUNDER.

bodh (ON) 'command' (*bheudh-): OMBUDSMAN.

bogi (ON) 'a bow': AKIMBO.

boli (ON) 'bull' (*bhel-2): BULL, BULLOCK. Cf. G Bulle.

böllr (ON) 'ball' (*bhel-2): BALL. Cf. G Ball, Ballen.

bolr (ON) 'tree trunk' (*bhel-2): BOLE.

bón (ON) 'prayer, request.' (*bhâ-2): BOON.

bordh (ON) 'board, table' (*bherdh-): SMORGASBORD.

börkr (ON) 'bark': COVDERINGBARK.

brá (ON) 'eyelash': BRAE. Cf. G Braue.

brjóst (ON) 'breast': BRISKET.

broddr (ON) 'spike' (*bhar-): BRAD. Norw brodd, brydda. Sw brodd. Da brod.

brók (ON) 'trousers': BROGUE.

brynja (ON) 'coat of mail': BYRNIE.

búa (ON) 'to live, prepare' (*bheuª-): BONDAGE, BOUND, HUSBAND.

bulki (ON) 'cargo' (*bhel-2): BULK.

bútr (ON) 'cut-off tree stump, log, block of wood': BUTT, DEBUT.

bylgja (ON) 'a wave' (*bhelgh-): BILLOW.

byr l(2-8) (ON) 'village': BYLAW.

byrdh (ON) 'birth, descent' (*bher-1): AFTER-BIRTH, BIRTH. Cf. G Afterbürde, Geburt.

dæla (ON) 'wooden gutter on a ship' (*dhel-): DALLES.

dæsa (2-8) (ON) 'to languish, decay': DASTARD.

Danr (ON) 'Dane': DANE, DANEGELD, DANISH, DANISH.

dasask (ON) 'to become exhausted': DAZE.

dengja (ON) 'to cudgel': DING, DINGBAT. Cf. G dengeln. Da dænge.

deyja (ON) 'to die' (*dheu-3): DIE.

dîki (ON) 'ditch, dam' (*dhîgw-): DIKE.

dís (ON) 'woman, goddess': VANADIUM.

-dómr (ON) 'condition' (*dhê-1): WHOREDOM.

draga (ON) 'to draw, pull' (*dhragh-): DRAG.

drasill (ON) 'horse': YGGDRASIL.

dregg (ON) 'dregs' (*dher-1): DREGS.

drit (ON) 'excrement': DIRT, DIRTY.

drúpa (ON) 'to hang down' (*dhreu-): DROOP.

dûnn (ON) 'bird's down' (*dheu-1): DOWN, DUVETYN, EIDTERDOWN. Cf. G Daune.

dyr (2-8) (ON) 'animal, deer' (*dheu-1): REINDEER.

edda (ON) 'collection of Old Norse poems, Edda': EDDA.

egg (ON) 'egg' (*ôwyo-): EGG. Cf. G Ei.

eggja (ON) 'to incite, goad' (*ak-): EGG. Cf. Norw eggja, eggla. Sw ågga. Da ægge.

ei (ON) 'always, ever' (*aiw-): AY, NAY. Cf. Norw nei.

fadhir (ON) 'father': FOREFATHER.

falki (ON) 'falcon' (*pel-2): GYRFALCON.

fang (ON) 'capture, booty, fight, hunt' (*pag-): FANG. Cf. G anfangen, befangen, empfangen, Gefängnis, fähig, fangen.

fasta (ON) 'to abstain from food' (*past-): BREAKFAST.

fé (ON) 'property, cattle' (*peku-): FELLOW. G Filou. F filou.

ferja (ON) 'ferryboat' (*per-2): FERRY. Cf. G Fähre.

fíkjast (ON) 'to desire': FIDGET.

fimmtán (ON) 'fifteen' (*penkwe + *dekm): FEMTO-.

fimmtán (ON) 'fifteen' (*penkwe + *dekm): FEMTO-.

físa (ON) 'to fart': FIZGIG.

fjall, fell (ON) 'mountain': FELL, FJELD. Cf. G Fels. Norw fjell. Sw fjäll. Da fjeld.

fjördhr (ON) 'an inlet, estuary' (*per-2: FIRTH, FJORD. G Fjord, Förde.

flaga (ON) 'layer of stone' (*plâk-1): FLAG (as in FLAGSTONE), FLAW.

flaki, fleki (ON) 'hurdle' (*plâk-1): FLAKE.

flatr (ON) 'flat' (*plat-): FLAT.

flekkr (ON) 'piece of skin or flesh, spot, stain' (*plêk-): FLECK. Cf. G Fleck, flicken.

fló (ON) 'layer, coating' (*plâk-1): FLOE.

floti (ON) 'raft, fleet' (*pleu-): FLOTILLA. Cf. G Flotte, Flotille.

flytia (ON) 'to further, convey' (*pleu-): FLIT, FLITTER. Cf. G Falter, flattern, Fledermaus, Flederwisch, flittern, Flitterwochen.

for- (ON) 'before': FOREFATHER.

frá (ON) 'from' (*per 1): FRO, FROWARD.

freknur (pl.) (ON) 'freckles' (*spreg-): FRECKLE.

Frigg (ON), Goddess of love, wife of Odin (*prî-): FRIGG.

frodha (ON) 'froth': FROTH.

fylja (ON) 'female colt' (*pau-): FILLY.

fyri (2-8) (ON) 'fir forest' (*perkwu-): FIR. Cf. G Föhre, Kiefer.

gá (ON) 'to heed' (*ghow-ê-): GAWK.

gaddr (ON) 'rod, goad, spike' (*ghasto-): GAD.

gafl (ON) 'gable' (*ghebh-el-): GABLE. Cf. G Gabel, Giebel.

gala (ON) 'to sing': GALE.

gálgi, gálgatré (ON) 'gallows tree': GALLOWS.

gall (ON) 'bile, bitterness' (*ghel-2): GALL. Cf. Du gal. G Galle.

gangr (masc.), fem. ganga (ON) 'walking, motion, course': GANG, GANGSTER.

gap (ON) 'chasm' (*ghâi-): GAP.

gapa (ON) 'to open the mouth' (*ghâi-): GAPE. Cf. G gaffen, jappen.

gardhr (ON) 'garden, yard' (*gher-1): GARTH.

gás (ON) 'goose': GOSLING, SMORGASBORD.

gata (ON) 'path, street' (*ghê-): GAIT, GATE. Cf. G Gasse.

gaukr (ON) 'cuckoo': GOOK, GOWK.

gegn (ON) 'against, straight, direct' (*gagina): GAINLY, UNGAINLY.

geirr (ON) 'spear' (*ghaiso-): GYRFALCON.

geispa (ON) 'to yawn' (*ghâi-): GASP.

gelda (ON) 'to castrate' (*ghel-3): GELD, GELDING.

gera (ON) 'to make, do' (*garwian): GAR.

gervi (ON) 'equipment, gear' (*garwian): GEAR.

gestr (ON) 'guest' (*ghos-ti-): GUEST. Cf. G Gast.

geta (ON) 'to get' (*ghend-): GET.

geysa (ON) 'to gush' (*gheu-): GEYSER. G Geiser.

gil (ON) 'ravine, chasm' (*ghâi-): GILL.

gildi (ON) 'guild' (*gheldh-): GUILD. Cf. G Gilde.

gipt (ON) 'a gift' (*ghabh-): GIFT. Cf. G Gift.

gjald (ON) 'payment, tribute': DANEGELD.

gjölnar (pl.) (ON) 'lips': GILL.

gjördh (ON) 'girdle, girth, hoop' (*gher-1): GIRTH.

glíkr (ON) 'alike, similar': LIKE, LIKEN, LIKEWISE.

glitra (ON) 'to shine' (*ghel-2): GLITTER. Cf. G gleißen, glitzern. glöggr (ON) 'clear-sighted' (*ghel-2): GLEG.

gnaga (ON) 'to bite': NAG.

grár (ON) 'gray': DAPPLE-GRAY, DAPPLED. Cf. G apfelgrau.

gráta (ON) 'to moan, sob': REGRET.

grein (ON) 'branch, twig': GRAINS.

grey (ON) 'bitch, poor fellow': GREYHOUND.

gridh (ON) 'grith': GRITH.

gruf (ON) 'on the face, on the belly': GROVEL. Cf. Norw gruv. Da grus.

gulr (ON) 'yellow': GULL.

gunnr (ON) 'war' (*gwhen-1): GUN.

gustr (ON) 'cold blast of wind' (*gheu-): GUST.

gyltr (ON) 'sow' (*ghel-3): GILT.

hafnar, höfn, hafn (ON) 'harbor': HAVEN.

haki (ON) 'hook': HAKE.

halmr (ON) 'grass': MARAM.

hals (ON) 'neck, ship's bow' (*kwel-1): HAWSE. Cf. G halsen.

handsal (ON) 'a giving of the hand (in closing a bargain)' (with hand- rel. to OE hand + -sal < *sel-3): HANDSEL.

hanga (ON) 'to hang': HANG.

happ (ON) 'chance, good luck': HAP, HAPLESS, HAPPEN, HAPPY, MISHAP.

Haraldr (ON), masc. given name: HAROLD.

hás (ON) 'hoarse': HOARSE.

hatr (ON) 'hate': HATE.

heill (ON) 'healthy' (*kailo-): HAIL, WASSAIL.

heimr (ON) 'home' (*tkei-): NIFLHEIM.

Hel (ON) 'underworld, goddess of death' (*kel-2): HEL.

Helga (ON) 'holy': OLGA.

herr (ON) 'army': HARNESS.

hildr (ON) 'war': GUN.

hitta (ON) 'to hit': HIT.

hladh (ON) 'load': LATHE.

hlaupa (ON) 'to leap' (*hlaupan): LOPE.

hlekkr (ON) 'link, ring': LINK.

hnippa (ON) 'to nip': NIP.

hó (ON), exclamation: HO.

högg (ON) 'gap, cutting blow': HAG.

höggva (ON) 'to cut' (*kau-2): HAGGLE.

hokra (ON) 'to crouch' (*keu-2): HUNKER.

höll (ON) 'hall' (*kel-2): VALHALLA.

holmr (ON) 'islet in a bay, meadow' (*kel-6): HOLM. Cf. Norw holm. Da holm. Russ cholm.

hórdómr (ON) 'whoredom' (*kâ- + dhê-1): WHOREDOM.

hreinn (ON) 'reindeer' (*ker-1): REINDEER. Cf. G Ren.

hrosshvalr (ON) 'horse whale, walrus': WALRUS.

hrufa (ON) 'scurviness, scab': DANDRUFF.

hrukka (ON) 'crease, fold' (*sker-3): RUCK.

hugga (ON) 'to comfort, console': HUG, HUGH.

húnn (ON) 'masthead, short stick, young of an animal': HOUND.

hús (ON) 'house': HUSBAND, HUSBANDRY, HUSTINGS.

hvæsa (ON) 'to hiss' (*kwes-): WHEEZE.

hvalr (ON) 'whale' (*skwal-o-): NARWAL, RORQUAL.

hverfa (ON) 'to turn' (*kwerp-): VARVE.

hvirfla (ON) 'to whirl' (*kwerp-): WHIRL.

idh (ON) 'again, anew': ITHUNN.

idha (ON) 'back' (*eti): EDDY.

illr (ON) 'bad': ILL.

jarl (ON) 'jarl': JARL.

kaggi (ON) 'keg': KEG.

kaka (ON) 'cake' (*kak-2): CAKE.

kalfi (ON) 'back of the leg, calf': CALF.

kalla (ON) 'to call' (*gal-2): CALL.

karl (ON) 'man, freeman': CARL, CARLING.

karpa (ON) 'to boast' (*ger-2): CARP.

kasta (ON) 'to throw': CAST.

kengr (ON) 'curve,hook': AKIMBO.

ker (ON) 'tub': KIER.

keyra (ON) 'to drive': SKIJORING.

kidh (ON) 'young goat': KID. G Kitz. Norw kid, kidla. Sw kid, killa. Da kid.

kippa (ON) 'to pull, snatch': CHIP.

kitla (ON) 'to tickle': KITTLE.

kjölr (ON) 'keel' (*gwel-3): KEEL, KELSON.

klaka (ON) 'to clack': CLACK.

klekja (ON) 'to hatch, give birth': CLUTCH.

klembra (ON) 'to grip, climb': CLAMBER.

klippa (ON) 'to cut short': CLIP.

klubba (ON) 'lump of wood, club' (*gel-1): CLUB.

knífr (ON) 'knife': KNIFE.

knútr (ON) 'knot in cord' (*gen-): KNOUT.

krafla (ON) 'to crawl': CRAWL. G kraulen. Cf. G krabbeln, kribbeln.

kráka (ON) 'crow' (*gerª-2): CRAKE.

krake (ON) 'sickly beast': CROCK.

kriki (ON) 'bend, nook' (*ger-2): CREEK.

krókr (ON) 'hook' (*ger-2): CROOK.

kurra (ON) 'to growl': CUR.

kynda (ON) 'to kindle, catch fire': KINDLE.

lag (ON) 'a laying down': FELLOW.

lag (ON) 'due place, layer' (*legh-): LAGTING, LAW.

lágr (ON) 'low' (*legh-): LOW.

lán (ON) 'loan' (*leikw-): LOAN.

lauss, louss (ON) 'loose' (*leu-1): LOOSE.

ledhrblaka (ON) 'leather-flapper, bat': BAT.

leggr (ON) 'leg': LEG.

leika (ON) 'to play' (*leig-3): LARK.

leki (ON) 'leak': LEAK.

lenja (ON) 'to make longer, tarry': LINGER.

líkr (ON) 'like' (*lîk-): UNLIKELY.

litr (ON) 'appearance, color, dye': LITMUS.

lög (ON) 'law' (*legh-): BYLAW, OUTLAW.

lögn (ON) 'dragnet': LAGAN.

lómr (ON) 'loon' (*lâ-): LOON.

lopt (ON) 'air, upper room, balcony': LOFT. Cf. G Luft. Norw loft. Sw loft. Da loft.

lúta (ON) 'to bend down' (*leud-): LOUT.

lyng (ON) 'heather': LING.

lypta (ON) 'to lift': LIFT.

madhr, mannr (ON) 'man' (*man-1): NORMAN, OMBUDSMAN.

mál (ON) 'speech, agreement': BLACKMAIL, RIKSMAL.

marr (ON) 'sea' (*mori-): MARRAM.

Midhgarhr (ON) 'Midgard' (*gher-1 + *medhyo-): MIDGARD.

Midhgarhr (ON) 'Midgard' (*gher-1 + *medhyo-): MIDGARD.

mikill (ON) 'great' (*meg-): MICKLE.

Mimir (ON), name of a giant who guards the well of wisdom (*smer-1): MIMIR.

mis- (ON) 'mis-' (*mei-1): AMISS, MIS- (as in MISTAKE).

mjúkr (ON) 'soft' (*meug-2): MEEK.

mosi (ON) 'bog, moss' (*meu-): LITMUS.

mund (ON) '(protecting) hand': MOUND.

myki, mykr (ON) 'muck': MIDDEN, MUCK.

myrr (2-8) (ON) 'bog' (*meu-): MIRE, QUAGMIRE.

nár (ON) 'corpse' (*nâu-1): NARWHAL.

né (ON) 'not' (*ne): NAY.

nest (ON) 'provisions' (*nes-1): HARNESS. F harnais.

nídh (ON) 'scorn' (*nei-): NIDDERING.

nifl- (ON) 'mist or dark' (*nebh-): NIFLHEIM.

nordhr (ON) 'north': NORMAN, NORN, NORWAY.

Norn (ON), goddess of fate: NORN.

nyr (2-8) (ON) 'new' (*newo-): SPAN-NEW.

oddi (ON) 'point, triangle, third, odd number': ODD. Cf. G Abort, Ort, erörtern.

ódhal (ON) 'land held in absolute ownership' (*athal-): ODAL. Cf. Norw odel. Sw odal.

ódhinn (ON) 'Odin' (*wet-1): ODIN.

öfugr, afugr (ON) 'turned backward' (*apo-): AWKWARD. Cf. Norw ovug. Sw avig, avog. Da avet. Cf. G äbich.

ögn (ON) 'chaff, husk' (*ak-): AWN. Cf. Norw ogn. Sw agn. Da avn. G Ahne.

önd (ON) 'dkuck': GOOSANDER, SOLAN.

öxull (ON) 'axis, axle' (*aks-): AXLE, AXLETREE. Cf. Sw axel. Da aksel.

padda (ON) 'toad': PADDOCK.

plógr (ON) 'plow': PLOW.

rádh (ON) 'counsel': RALPH.

rann (ON) 'house': RANSACK.

raptr (ON) 'beam' (*rêp-2): RAFT.

rás (ON) 'rushing' (*ers-1): RACE. Cf. G rasen, Rosenmontag..

rauthr (ON) 'red' (*reudh-1): RORQUAL.

regin (ON) 'decree': RONALD.

reisa (ON) 'to raise': RAISE.

rif (ON) 'rib, ridge' (*rebh-2): REEF. Cf. G Riff.

rífa (ON) 'to tear' (*rei-1): RIVE.

ríki (ON) 'realm' (*reg-1): RIKSMåL.

rögg (ON) 'woven tuft of wool' (*reu-2): RAG, RAGGED.

rót (ON) 'root' (*wrâd-): ROOT, RUTABAGA.

róthr (ON) 'act of rowing, to row': RUSSIA.

rotinn (ON) 'rotten': ROTTEN.

rythja (ON) 'to root out, clear, empty, rid': RID.

sæti (2-8) (ON) 'seat' (*sed-1): SEAT.

saga (ON) 'saying, narrative' (*sekw-3): SAGA.

saka (ON) 'to seek' (*sâg-): RANSACK.

sala (ON) 'sale' (*sel-3): SALE.

samr (ON) 'same' (*sem-1): SAME.

scræma (ON) 'to scream': SCREAM.

serkr (ON) 'shirt': BERSERKER.

sik (ON) 'oneself' (*swe-): BUSK, BUSTLE.

-sk (ON), reflexive suffix: BASK, BUSTLE.

skabb (ON) 'scab' (*skep-): SCAB.

skadha (ON) 'to harm' (*skêtª-): SCATHE, UNSCATHED.

skál (ON) 'bowl, drinking vessel' (*skel-1): SCALE, SKOAL. Cf. G Schale.

skáld (ON) 'poet, narrator': SCOLD, SKALD.

skalli (ON) 'bald head' (*skel-1): SCALL.

skammr (ON) 'hornless, short' (*kem-1): SCANT.

skata (ON) 'skate': SKATE.

skeppa (ON) 'basket': SKEP.

sker (ON) 'low reef' (*sker-1): SCAR.

skídh (ON) 'log, stick, snowshoe' (*skei-): SKI. G Schi.

skífa (ON) 'to slice, split' (*skei-): SKIVE, SKIVER.

skil (ON) 'reason, discernment, knowledge' (*skel-1): SKILL.

skinn (ON) 'skin' (*sek-): SKIN.

skíta (ON) 'to defecate': SKATE.

skjarr (ON) 'to scare': SCARE.

skjóla (ON) 'vessel, basket': SKILLET.

skjóta (ON) 'to shoot' (*skeud-): SKEET.

skoft (ON) 'hair of the head': SCRUFF.

skor (ON) 'notch, tally, twenty' (*sker-1): SCORE.

skot (ON) 'contribution, tax': SCOT_AND_LOT.

skoti (ON) 'shooter': SCOTER.

skrækja (ON) 'to shriek' (*ker-2): SCREAK, SCREECH, SHRIEK.

skrap (ON) 'pieces, remains' (*sker-1): SCRAP.

skrapa (ON) 'to scratch' (*sker-1): SCRAPE. Cf. G schröpfen.

skrídha (ON) 'landslide': SCREE. Cf. G schreiten, Schritt.

skúfa (ON) 'to push': SCUFF, SCUFFLE.

skúfr (ON) 'skua, tassel': SKUA.

skvala (ON) 'to shriek': SQUALL, SQUEAL.

sky (3-8) (ON) 'cloud' (*skeu-): SKY.

skyrta (ON) 'shirt' (*sker-1): SKIRT.

slafra (ON) 'to slaver' (*leb-1): SLAVER.

slakki (ON) 'slack': SLACK.

slátr (ON) 'butchery, striking': SLAUGHTER.

slódh (ON) 'animal's track': SLEUTHHOUND, SLOT.

slögr (3-1,2) (ON) 'clever, cunning' (*slak-): SLEIGHT, SLY.

smidhja (ON) 'smithy' (*smî-): SMITHY.

smjör, smör (ON) 'fat, butter': SMORGASBORD.

snagi (ON) 'peg': SNAG.

snara (ON) 'cord, noose, trap' (*sner-2): SNARE.

snubba (ON) 'to snub, turn up one's nose at, scold, rebuke' (*snu-): SNUB.

sömr (2-1) (ON) 'fitting, agreeable' (*sem-1): SEEM, SEEMLY.

spánn (ON) 'shingle, chip' (*spê-2): SPANNEW.

sparkr (ON) 'lively': SPARK.

sperra (ON) 'rafter, beam' (*sper-1): SPAR. Cf. G Sparren, sperren.

spretta (ON) 'sprint': SPRINT.

staka (ON) 'to push, cause to stumble' (*steg-1): STAGGER.

stakkr (ON) 'haystack' (*steg-1): STACK.

staup (ON) 'vessel' (*staup-): STOUP.

stedhi (ON) 'anvil' (*stâ-): STITHY.

steikja (ON) 'to roast on a spit' (*steig-): STEAK.

steinn (ON) 'stone' (*stei-): TUNGSTEN.

stemma (ON) 'to stop' (*stam-): STEM. Cf. G stemmen, ungestüm.

steypa (ON) 'to pour out': STEEP.

styra (3-8) (ON) 'to steer' (*stâ-): STERN.

súla (ON) 'gannet, pillar': SOLAN.

svarf (ON) 'filings' (*swerbh-): SWARF.

sveigja (ON) 'to bend, yield': SWAY.

sveinn (ON) 'herdsman, boy' (*swe-): SWAIN.

systir (ON) 'sister' (*swesor-): SISTER. Cf. G Geschwister, Schwester.

tadh (ON) 'spread dung': TED.

taka (ON) 'to take': TAKE, WAPENTAKE. taka (ON) 'to take': TAKE, WAPENTAKE.

tala (ON) 'story, account': TALE.

tangi (ON) 'point, sting' (*denk-): TANG.

theirra, theira (ON) 'theirs' (*to-): THEIR.

therna (ON) 'tern': TERN.

théttr (ON) 'dense, watertight': TIGHT.

thing (ON) 'assembly' (*tenk-1): FOLKETING, HUSTINGS, LAGTING.

thó (ON) 'though' (*to-): THOUGH. Cf. G doch.

thöll (ON) 'young pine tree': TALL_OIL.

thöngull (ON) 'seaweed': TANGLE.

Thórr (ON), god of thunder (*stenª-): THOR.

thorskr (ON) 'cod' (*ters-): CUSK.

thræll (ON) 'thrall': THRALL.

thrífa (ON) 'to seize': THRIVE.

thrithi (ON) 'a third' (*trei-): RIDING.

thröm (ON) 'beam': TRAM.

throng (ON) 'crowd, crowded condition, narrowness, tdightness, pressure, winepress': THRONG.

thrysta (4-8) (ON) 'to squeeze, compress' (*treud-): THRUST.

thvá (ON) 'to wash': TWADDLE.

thverr (ON) 'transverse' (perhaps < IE *terkw-): THWART. Cf. G zwerch.

tidhr (ON) 'occurring' (*dâ-): TIDINGS.

tík (ON) 'bitch': TYKE.

titra (ON) 'to tremble': TEETER.

tjan (ON) 'ten' (*dekm): ATTO-.

tjörn, tjarn (ON) 'tarn': TARN.

tjóthr (ON) 'tether': TETHER.

töma (ON) 'to empty': TEEM.

topt (ON) 'homestead' (prob. *demª-1): TOFT.

töturr (ON) 'tatter': TATTER.

troll (ON) 'monster, demon': TROLL.

tryggr (ON) 'firm, true' (*deru): TRIG.

typpi (ON) 'end' (*tap-): TIP.

Tyr (2-8) (ON), god of the sky (*deiw-): TYR.

ugga (ON) 'to fear': UGSOME.

uggr (ON) 'fear, frightful': UGLY, YGGDRASIL.

ulfr (ON) 'wolf': RALPH.

umb, um (ON) 'about, around' (*ambhi): OMBUDSMAN.

út (ON) 'out' (*ud-): OUTLAW.

vagl (ON) 'chicken roost, perch, beam' (*wegh-): WALLEYED.

vakna (ON) 'to wake up': WAKEN.

valdr (ON) 'ruler': RONALD.

Valkyria (ON) 'chooser of the slain,' name of one of the 12 war goddesses (valr + *geus-): VALKYRIE.

valr (ON) 'the slain in battle' (*welª-2): VALHALLA, VALKYRIA.

Vanadis (ON), name of the goddess Freya: VANADIUM.

Vanr (ON), god of fertility: VANIR.

vanta (ON) 'to lack' (*eu-2): WANT.

vápn (ON) 'weapon' (*wêpnam): WAPENTAKE.

vár (ON) 'agreement, pledge': VARANGIAN.

varask (ON) 'to warn (of a danger9': GARAGE.

vegr (ON) 'way, region': NORWAY.

veikr (ON) 'pliant' (*weik-4): WEAK. Cf. G weich, weichen.

vesa, vera (ON) 'to be' (*wes-3): WASSAIL.

vígr (ON) 'able in battle' (*weik-5): WIGHT.

víkingr (ON) 'viking': VIKING.

vinda (ON) 'to wind' (*wendh-): WINDLASS.

vindr (ON) 'wind' (*wê-): WINDOW.

vök, vaka (ON) 'hole or opening in ice' (*wegw-): WAKE.

völlr (ON) 'field' (*welt-): VOLE.

vöndr (ON) 'supple twig' (*wendh-): WAND.

yrkja (ON) 'to work': IRK.