German
aba (OHG) 'off, away from' (*apo-): ABLAUT. G ab, ab-.
adal (OHG) 'lineage': ADELA, ADELAIDE, ADOLPH, ALBERT, ATHELING.
alp (MHG) 'elf': AUBREY.
amal (OHG) 'work': MILLICENT.
ana (OHG) 'on' (*an 1): ANLAGE. G an.
angust (OHG) 'anxiety' (*angh-): ANGST. G Angst.
ar-, ir-, ur- (OHG) 'out' (*ud-): ERSATZ. G er-, ur-.
arn (OHG) 'eagle': ARNOLD.
bahhan, backan (OHG) 'to bake' (*bhê-): ZWIEBACK. G backen, Zwieback.
bald (OHG) 'bold' (*balthaz): BAWD, BAWDY.
balle (MHG) 'ball' (*bhel-2): BALLOON, BALLOT, PALL-MALL. G Ballon.
banc, bank (OHG) 'bench, money changer's table': BANK, BANKRUPT, BANQUETTE, BANTLING, BUNCO.
bart (OHG) 'beard' (*bhardhâ), hence barta 'hatchet' (due to similarity of shape): HALBERD. G Bart.
berefrit, berfrit (MHG) 'siege tower,' lit. 'that which keeps the peace and security': BELFRY.
berg (OHG) 'mountain': BERGSCHRUND.
bero (OHG) 'bear': BERNARD.
bî, bi (OHG) 'by, at' (*ambhi): BIVOUAC. G be-, bei, bis.
blecchazzen (3-10) (OHG) 'to flash, lighten' (*bhel-1): BLITZKRIEG. G blitzen.
blentan (OHG) 'to blind, deceive' (*bhel-1): BLENDE. G blenden.
boc (OHG) 'buck' (*bhugo-): GEMSBOK. G Bock, Bückling.
boldern (MHG) 'to make noise' (*bhel-4): POLTERGEIST. G Polter, Polterabend, Poltergeist, polterig, poltern.
bole (MHG) 'beam, plank' (*bhel-2): BOULEVARD, BULWARK. G Bohle, Bollwerk, Boulevard.
bolla (OHG) 'ball' (*bhel-2): ROCAMBOLE.
boog (LG) 'shoulder, bow of a ship': BOW.
boug (OHG) 'a ring' (*bheug-3): BAGEL. Cf. G Bügel.
boum (OHG) 'tree': BAUM MARTEN.
bôzan (OHG) 'to knock': BUSHEL.
braccho (OHG) 'dog that hunts game by scent' (*bhrag-): BRACH. Cf. G Bracke.
brâto, brât (OHG) 'meat' (*bhreu-2): BRATWURST, SAUERBRATEN. G Braten.
brîdel (MHG) 'bridle, rein': BRIDE, DéBRIDEMENT.
bunt (MHG) 'league' (*bhendh-): BUND. G Bund.
burg (OHG) 'fortress' (*bhergh-2): BURGHER, BURGRAVE. G Burg, Bürger.
chutzpah (Yiddish) 'chutzpah': CHUTZPAH.
dahs (OHG) 'badger': DACHSHUND. G Dachs, Dachshund, Dackel.
darm (OHG) 'gut' (*terª-1): DERMA. G Darm.
decchen (OHG) 'to cover' (*steg-2): DECKLE. G Deckel, decken, entdecken.
drec (3-10) (MHG) 'dung' (*sker-3): DRECK. Cf. G Dreck.
drûd (OHG) 'strength': GERTRUDE.
druos (OHG) 'bump, gland': DRUSE.
dwerah, twerh (3-10) (OHG) 'oblique': QUEER.
edili (OHG) 'noble' (*athal-): EDELWEISS. G Adel, edel.
eid (OHG) 'oath' (*oito-): HUGUENOT.
Einbeck (OHG), town in Lower Saxony where the beer originated: BOCK_BEER. G Bockbier, Bockwurst.
erchan (OHG) 'genuine': ARCHIBALD.
Ermin- (OHG) 'whole, universal': EMMA.
ernust (OHG) 'battle, vigor': ERNEST. G Ernst.
ezzen (OHG) 'to feed on, eat' (*ed-): ETCH. G essen (< OHG = OE etan). Cf. also Aas, äsen, atzen, ätzen.
faldan (OHG) 'to fold' (*pel-3): FALTBOAT. G falten.
far- (OHG) 'completely' (*per 1): TURNVEREIN. G ver-.
faran (OHG) 'to go, travel' (*per-2): GABERDINE. G erfahren, fahren, Fahrt, fertig, Fuhre, Gefährt, Gefährte.
farbiotan (OHG) 'to forbid' (*bheudh-): VERBOTEN. G verbieten.
fêhida (OHG) 'hostility, feud' (*peig-2): FEUD. G Fehde.
feld (OHG) 'field' (*pelª-2): FELDSPAR. G Feld, Gefilde.
finf, funf (OHG) 'five' (*penkwe): FIN. G fünf, fünfte, fünfzehn, fünfzig.
firni (OHG) 'old' (*per 1): FIRN.
fora (OHG) 'before' (*per 1): VORLAGE. G fordern, vor, vorder.
fridu (OHG) 'peace' (*prî-): GODFREY, SIEGFRIED. G Friede, Friedhof.
frô (OHG) 'happy' (*preu-): SCHADENFREUDE. G Freude, freuen, froh.
frouwa (OHG) 'lady' (*per 1): FRAU, FRÄULEIN. G Frau, Fräulein, Fron, Fronleichnam.
fuoren (OHG) 'to lead' (*per-2): FÜHRER. G führen.
fussig (LG) 'spongy' (*pu-2): FUZZY.
gagan, gegin (OHG) 'against' (*gagina): GEGENSCHEIN. G gegen, Gegend, Gegner.
gaman (OHG) 'amusement, game': GAMIN, GAMINE.
gang (OHG) 'a going' (*ghengh-): GANGUE. G Gang, gängeln.
garto (OHG) 'garden' (*gher-1): KINDERGARTEN. G Garten.
geist (OHG) 'ghost' (*gheis-): POLTERGEIST. G Geist.
gelt (OHG) 'payment, reward' (*gheldh-): GELT. G Geld.
gêr (OHG) 'spear': GERALD, GERARD, GERTRUDE, ROGER.
getan (OHG) 'to weed': GISARME.
gîbiz (MHG) 'plover': KIBITZ.
giga (OHG) 'leg, fiddle': GIGOLO, GIOGT.
ginôz (OHG) 'companion' (*neud-): HUGUENOT. G Genosse.
gîr (OHG) 'vulture' (*ghâi-): LAMMERGEIER. G Geier.
gîsal (OHG) 'pledge': GILBERT.
glanz (OHG) 'bright' (*ghel-2): GLANCE. G Glanz.
glimsen (MHG) 'to gleam' (*ghel-2): GLIMPSE.
glocka (OHG) 'bell': GLOCKENSPIEL.
got (OHG) 'god': GODFREY.
graban (OHG) 'to dig' (*ghrebh-2): GRABEN. G graben, Graben, Grube, grübeln, Gruft.
grâvo (OHG) 'count': BURGRAVE, GRAF, LANDGRAVE, WALDGRAVE.
greven (LG) 'fibrous refuse of tallow': GREAVES.
habaro (OHG) 'oats': HAVERSACK.
halla (OHG) 'hall': TURNHALL.
haltan (OHG) 'to stop, hold back' (*haldan): HALT. G Aufenthalt, Gehalt, halten, Zuhälter.
hamustro (OHG) 'hamster': HAMSTER.
hansa (OHG) 'troop, company': HANSE.
happa (OHG) 'sickle': PIOLET.
harti, hart (OHG) 'bold, stern': BERNARD, GERARD, LEONARD.
heim (OHG) 'house': HENRY.
-heit (OHG) 'quality, condition': ADELAIDE.
helm (MHG) 'handle' (*kelp-): HALBERD. G Hellebarde, Helm; cf. also Holm..
helm (OHG) 'helmet': WILLIAM.
hêr (OHG) 'worthy, exalted' (*kei-2): JUNKER. G hehr, Herr, herrisch, herrlich, Herrschaft, herrschen.
heri, hari (OHG) 'army': ARRIèRE-BAN, HERBERT, HERMAN, WALTER.
hintar (OHG) 'behind' (*hind-): HINTERLAND. G hinter.
hlouffan (OHG) 'to leap' (*hlaupan): LANGLAUF. G laufen.
Hluodowîg (OHG) 'famous in war': LEWIS, LOUIS.
hlûti (OHG) 'sound' (*kleu-1): ABLAUT, UMLAUT. G Ablaut, Umlaut.
hnascôn, nascôn (OHG) 'to nibble' (*ghen-): NOSH. G naschen.
horn (OHG) 'horn' (*ker-1): ALTHORN, ALPENHORN, BASSET_HORN, FLÜGELHORN, HORNBLENDE. G Einhorn, Hirn, Horn, Hornung.
houbit (OHG) 'head': ATAMAN.
hrind (OHG) 'ox' (*ker-1): RINDERPEST. G Rind.
hrôd- (OHG) 'fame': ROBERT, RODERICK, ROGER, ROLAND.
hrukki (OHG) 'back' (*sker-3): RUCKSACK. G Rücken.
hûfo (OHG) 'heap': HOWITZER.
hunt (OHG) 'dog' (*kwon-): DACHSHUND. G Dachshund, Hund.
hurst (OHG) 'thicket' (*kert-): HORST. G Horst.
huttea, hutta (OHG) 'hut': HUT.
hwîz, wîz (OHG) 'white' (*kweit-): EDELWEISS. G weiß.
jagôn (OHG) 'to hunt': JAEGER.
jâmar (OHG) 'sad': KETZENJAMMER.
jung (OHG) 'young' (*yeu-): JUNKER. G Junker.
kamb (OHG) 'comb' (*gembh-): CAM. G Kamm.
karal (OHG) 'man': CARL, CHARLES.
kater (LG) 'tomcat': CATERWAUL.
kazza (OHG) 'cat': KATZENJAMMER.
kegil (OHG) 'stick, peg': KEGLER.
kind (OHG) 'child' (*genª-): KINDERGARTEN, KRISS_KRINGLE. G Kind.
kishke (Yiddish) 'kishke' (*skeu-): KISHKE.
Klatsch (OHG) 'chat, gossip': COFFEE KLATCH.
kloz (MHG) 'block, lump' (*gel-1): KLUTZ.
knacken (OHG) 'to crack' (*gen-): KNACKWURST.
knak (LG) 'sharp blow': KNACK.
knodo (OHG) 'knob, knot' (*gen-): QUENELLE.
knorre (OHG) 'knob, knot': KNUR.
knoto (OHG) 'knob, knot': QUENELLE.
kobolt (MHG) 'an underground goblin' (*ku- + *wal-): COBALT, GOBLIN, KOBOLD. G Kobalt, Kobold, Kobolz.
korn (OHG) 'grain' (*grª-no-): EINKORN. G Korn.
krâpfo (OHG) 'a hook' (*ger-2): AGRAFFE. G Agraffe.
krêg, chrêg (OHG) 'stubbornness' (*gwerª-2): BLITZKRIEG. G Krieg.
krût (OHG) 'cabbage': SAUERKRAUT.
kuocho (OHG) 'cake' (*kak-2): KUCHEN, QUICHE. G Kuchen.
lâga (OHG) 'act of laying' (*legh-): ANLAGE, VORLAGE. G Lage.
lahs (OHG) 'salmon': LOX.
lang (OHG) 'long' (*del-1): LANGLAUF. G lang.
legar (OHG) 'bed, lair' (*legh-): LAAGER, LAGER, STALAG. G Lager.
leiten (OHG) 'to lead' (*leit-2): LEITMOTIF. G leiten, Leiter.
liod (OHG) 'song' (*lêu-2): LIED, VOLKSLIED. G Lied.
liut (OHG) 'people': LEOPOLD.
lôn (OHG) 'reward' (*lau-): GUERDON. G Lohn.
luk (LG) 'luck': LUCK.
lurz (OHG) 'left, wrong': LURCH.
lust (OHG) 'desire' (*las-): WANDERLUST. G Lust.
malha (OHG) 'pouch, bag': MAIL.
man (OHG) 'man' (*man-1): ATAMAN, FUGLEMAN, HERMAN, LANDSMAN. G man, Mann.
mânegolt (OHG) 'beet': MANGEL-WURZEL.
marahscalc (OHG) 'horse-servant,' hence 'groom,' later a title for a calvary leader (*marko- + *skalkaz): MARSHALL. G Marschall, Marstall.
mari (OHG) 'sea' (*mori-): MEERSCHAUM. G Meer.
marke (MHG) 'a mark of weight or money': MARK.
meldôn (OHG) 'to proclaim, reveal': MELD.
mennisco (OHG) 'human' (*man-1): MENSCH. G Mensch.
miluh (OHG) 'milk' (*melg-): MILCHIG. G Milch.
minna (OHG) 'love' (*men-1): MINION, MINNESINGER. G Minne.
minsk (LG) 'person, hussy': MINX.
mops (LG) 'fool, pug dog' (*mu-1): MOPPET, ROLLMOPS. G Mops.
morgan (OHG) 'morning' (*mer-1): MORGANATIC. G Morgen.
muffe (LG) 'cake': MUFFIN.
muot (OHG) 'mind, spirit' (*mê-1): GEMÜTLICH, GEMÜTLICHKEIT. G Anmut, Gemüt, Gemütlich, Mut.
ne, ni (OHG) 'not' (*ne): NIX. G nein, nicht, nichts, nie, niemals, niemand, nimmer.
nibbeln (LG) 'to nibble' (*ken-2): NIBBLE.
nihhus (OHG) 'river monster, water spirit': NIX.
notten (MHG) 'to nod': NOD.
ohso (OHG) 'ox' (*ukws-en-): AUROCHS. G Auerochse, Ochse.
oog (LG) 'eye' (*okw-): OGLE.
ôstan (OHG) 'east' (*aus-1): OSTMARK. G ost, Osten.
ôstar (OHG) 'eastern': AUSTRIA.
parev (Yiddish) 'pareve': PAREVE.
parev (Yiddish) 'pareve': PAREVE.
piddeln (LG) 'piddle': PIDDLE.
puchen, buchen (MHG) 'to strike, thrust': POACH.
quarz (MHG) 'quartz': QUARTZ.
quetzen (MHG) 'to push, strike': KVETCH.
raspôn (OHG) 'to grate, scrape harshly': RASP.
rât (OHG) 'counsel' (*rê-): BUNDESRAT. G Rat, Unrat, Vorrat.
reidel (MHG) 'rod between upright stakes': RADDLE.
-rich (OHG) 'rule, ruler': AUBREY, RODERICK.
rîhhi (OHG) 'realm, powerful': AUSTRIA, HENRY, REICH, RICHARD.
rille (LG) 'running stream' (*rei-3): RILL. G Rille.
rocko (OHG) 'distaff' (*ruk-1): ROCAMBOLE. G Rocken.
rôst (OHG) 'grate, gridiron': ROAST.
scado (OHG) 'harm, injury, damage' (*skêtª-): SCHADENFREUDE. G schade, Schaden, schaden.
scâr (OHG) 'shears': SCABBARD.
schanze (late MHG) (OHG) 'bundle of brushwood, fortress (orig. made of latticework)': ENSCONCE, SCONCE.
scherzen (MHG) 'to leap with joy' (*sker-2): SCHERZO. G Scherz, scherzen, Scherzo.
schicken (MHG) 'to arrange, prepare': CHIC.
scilihen (OHG) 'to wink, blink' (*skel-3): SCHILLER. G schielen, schillern.
scînan (OHG) 'to shine' (*skeªi-): GEGENSCHEIN. G scheinen.
scoc (OHG) 'schock': SHOCK.
scrunta (OHG) 'a split': BERGSCHRUND.
scûm (OHG) 'scum' (*skeu-): MEERSCHAUM, SKIM. G Schaum.
scurigen (OHG) 'to push, poke': SHIRK.
scuz (OHG) 'shooting, a shot' (*skeud-): SCHUSS. G Schuß.
sezzan (OHG) 'to set' (*sed-1): ERSATZ. G Aussatz, entsetzen, Gesetz, Satz, setzen.
sigu, sigo (OHG) 'victory' (*segh-): SIEGFRIED. G Sieg.
sin (OHG) 'way, course' (*sent-): WITHERSHINS. G Gesinde, Sinn.
singan (OHG) 'to sing' (*sengwh-): MEISTERSINGER, MINNESINGER. G singen.
sintar (OHG) 'slag' (*sendhro-): SINTER.
sippen (LG) 'to sip': SIP.
sizzen (OHG) 'to sit' (*sed-1): SITZ_BATH. G ansässig, Ast, aufsässig, Insasse, Sessel, Sitz, sitzen.
skaban (OHG) 'to scrape' (*skep-): SAPSAGO. G schaben.
skilling (OHG) 'schilling': SCHILLING.
slag (OHG) 'a blow' (*slak-): SCHLOCK. G Schlag.
slam (MHG) 'mud' (*leb-1): SLUMGULLION.
slapp (LG) 'slap' (*leb-1): SLAP.
slier (MHG) 'mud, slime' (*sleu-): SCHLIEREN.
slubbern (LG) 'to slobber': SLOBBER.
smalz (OHG) 'animal fat' (*mel-1): SMALTZ. G Schmalz.
smero (OHG) 'fat' (*smer-3): SCHMEER. G Schmiere.
smiril (OHG) 'merlin': MERLIN.
smirwen, smerian (OHG) 'to apply salve, smear' (*smer-3): SMEARCASE. G schmieren.
smuck (MHG) 'clothing, adornment, jewel' (*meug-2): SCHMUCK.
snarchen (MHG) 'to snore' (*sner-1): SNORKEL. G schnarchen.
snecko (OHG) 'snail': SCHNECKEN.
snippen (LG) 'to snap at' (*snu-): SNIP. G schnippen.
sniz (MHG) 'slice' (*sneit-): SCHNITZEL. G Schnitz, Schnitzel.
snurren (MHG) 'to hum, whirr' (*sner-1): SCHNORRER. G Schnurbart, schnurren.
spannan (OHG) 'to stretch' (*spen-): SPANNER. G Gespann, spannen.
spat (MHG) 'spar' (*spê-2): SPATHIC. G Spat.
spil (OHG) 'play': SPIEL.
spizzi (OHG) 'pointed' (*spei-): SPITZ. G spitz.
springan (OHG) 'to jump' (*spergh-): GELÄNDESPRUNG. G springen. Cf. G sprengen, Sprung.
stal (OHG) 'stall': INSTALLMENT.
stam (OHG) 'base, stem' (*stebh-): STALAG.
stat (OHG) 'place' (*stâ-): SHTETL. G Stadt, Statt.
stein (OHG) 'stone' (*stei-): STEIN. G Stein.
stellen (OHG) 'to set, place' (*stel-): GESTALT. G Anstalt, Gestalt, stellen.
stih (OHG) 'a thrust, puncture': SHTICK.
stoc (OHG) 'staff' (*steu-): ALPENSTOCK. G Stock.
stollo (OHG) 'post, support' (*stel-): STOLLEN. G Stollen.
stôzen (OHG) 'to push' (*steu-): STOSS. G stoßen.
strâfen (MHG) 'to rebuke': STRAFE.
strâla (OHG) 'arrow, lightning bolt' (*ster-2): BREMSSTRAHLUNG. G Strahl.
stredan (OHG) 'to whirl, swirl' (*ser-2): STRUDEL. G Strudel.
strollen (ModHG dial.) (OHG) 'to stroll': STROLL.
strouwen (OHG) 'to sprinkle, strew' (*ster-2): STREUSEL. G streuen.
strudel (MHG) 'whirlpool': STRUDEL.
stukki (OHG) 'crust, fragment, covering' (*steu-): STUCCO.
sudelen (MHG) 'to soil, do sloppy work': SUTLER.
sulza, sulz (OHG) 'salt marsh': SOUSE.
sûr (OHG) 'sour' (*sûro-): SAUERBRATEN, SAUERKRAUT. G sauer.
swank (MHG) 'turn, swing' (*swengw-): SWANK. G Schwang, Schwank.
swintan (OHG) 'to vanish, languish, become unconscious': SWINNDLE, SWINDLER.
swintha (OHG) 'strong': MILLICENT.
teic (OHG) 'dough' (*dheigh-): TEIGLACH.
thing, ding (OHG) 'thing' (*tenk-1): DINGUS. G bedingen, Bedingung, Dienstag, Ding.
thirna, diorna (OHG) 'girl': DIRNDL. G Dirndl, Dirne.
thunkôn, dunkôn (OHG) 'to soak' (*teng-): DUNK. Cf. G tunken.
tippen (LG) 'to strike lightly': TIP.
trân (MHG) 'tear, drop' (*dakru-): TRAIN_OIL. G Träne.
trumpa (OHG) 'trumpet': TRUMP, TRUMPET.
tsimmes (Yiddish) 'vegetable or fruit stew': TSIMMES.
tsuris (Yiddish) 'trouble, distress': TSURIS.
umbi (OHG) 'around' (*ambhi): UMLAUT. G um.
ûro (OHG) 'bison': AUROCHS.
ûz (OHG) 'out' (*ud-): CAROUSE. G aus, außen, außer, äußere, äußern.
vlügel (MHG) 'wing' (*pleu-): FLÜGELHORN, FUGLELMAN. Cf. G Flügel, Geflügel.
waggo, wacko (OHG) 'boulder rolling on a river bed' (*wegh-): GRAYWACKE. G Wacke.
wahta (OHG) 'watch, vigil' (*weg-2): BIVOUAC. G Wacht.
wald (OHG) 'a forest': WALDGRAVE.
wald (OHG) 'power': ARNOLD.
wallôn (OHG) 'to roam' (*wel-3): GABERDINE.
waltan (OHG) 'to rule': GERALD, WALTER.
walzan (OHG) 'to roll, waltz' (*wel-3): WALTZ. G Walze, walzen, wälzen, Welle.
wanderen (MHG) 'to wander' (*wendh-): WANDERLUST. G wandeln, wandern.
waulen (LG) 'to screech': CATERWAUL.
wazzar (OHG) 'water': VASELINE.
wedil, wadal (OHG) 'winnowing fan, (wagging) tail': WHEEDLE.
werc (OHG) 'work' (*werg-): BOULEVARD, BULWARK. G Bollwerk, Boulevard, Werg, Werk.
wermuôta (OHG) 'wormwood': VERMOUTH.
werren, weren, werien (OHG) 'to protect, guarantee': WARRANT.
widar (OHG) 'against' (*wi-): GUERDON, WITHERSHINS. G wider, wieder, Widersacher, widerspenstig.
willo (OHG) 'will': WILLIAM.
wimpal (OHG) 'head cloth': GIMP.
Winida (OHG) 'the Wend': WEND.
wîssago (OHG) 'seer, prophet' (*weid-): WISEACRE. Cf. G weissagen.
wisunt (OHG) 'bison' (*wis-): WISENT. G Wisent.
wolf (OHG) 'wolf' (*wlkwo-): ADOLPH, WOLFRAM. G Wolf, Wolfram.
Wuotan (OHG) 'Wotan' (*wet-1): WOTAN.
wurst (OHG) 'sausage' (*wers-1): LIVERWURST, WURST. G Wurst.
wurzala (OHG) 'root' (*wrâd- + wel-3): MANGELWURZEL. G Wurzel.
zacke (MHG) 'nail' (*tag-): SHAKO. G Zacken.
zafig (Yiddish) 'plump': ZAFTIG.
ziger (MHG) 'whey cheese': SAPSAGO.
zinko (OHG) 'spike, prong' (*denk-): ZINC.
zwi- (OHG) 'two' (*dwo-): ZWIEBACK, ZWITTERION. G zwie-.