PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Standard B-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the flow of energy within and between living systems.
Indicator B-3.1: Summarize the overall process by which photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and interpret the chemical equation for the process.
Indicator B-3.2: Summarize the basic aerobic and anaerobic processes of cellular respiration and interpret the chemical equation for cellular respiration.
What You Need To Know
You need to know how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related (that the products of one are the reactants of the other).
You need to know the reactants, products and basic functions of photosynthesis, aerobic, and anaerobic respiration.
You need to understand how ATP is connected with energy transfers within the cell.
You need to know that photosynthesis stores energy while cellular respiration releases energy.
Example One
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.
Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
Example Two
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
A. hydrogen
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide
Example Three
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
C. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
D. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
Example Four
What function does ATP carry out in living things?
A. aids in protein folding and coiling
B. used to capture and transfer energy
C. identifies DNA start sequences for transcription
D. helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes
Example Five
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
B. The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation.
D. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
Example Six
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
A. Only species Y is aerobic.
B. Only species Y is anaerobic.
C. Both species X and Y are aerobic.
D. Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
Example Seven
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
Example Eight
A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown below.
The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following?
A. 1 - water; 2 - nitrogen
B. 1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen
C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide
D. 1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water