Spontaneity/Structure
Spontaneity/Structure
"Democracy is unstructured, emergent, something more likely to be squelched by the state than supported by it."
–Astra Taylor
Throughout history, there has been a constant struggle as to how citizens should be involved in the collective decision-making process to ensure the issues and concerns of the demos are addressed. Does equal representation mean choosing members spontaneously through sortition, a random selection process first used in Athens in 507 BCE, or through the traditional structure of elections influenced by power, wealth, and favourable personal connections? Two contrasting sources of contemporary evidence connect the past with the present and both exemplify the concept of democratic spontaneity, but in very different ways.
The “praying mantis” or Maryland’s 3rd Congressional District, is an example of gerrymandering in the United States.
In Ancient Greece, a restructuring of society was brought forward by nobleman Clethisenes, who divided Athens into ten new regional groupings to ensure spontaneous representation in government. It allowed Athens to become one of the most successful democracies in terms of its wealth and political achievement. Today, this method exists as electoral redistricting, but is being corrupted by self-motivated politicians in the form of gerrymandering. This process involves redrawing the boundaries of electoral districts to give an unfair advantage to one political party over another. Most districts in the U.S. are created with the purpose of gaining an electoral edge over rivals. This impacts voters of minority groups who are spread across multiple districts, hindering their ability to elect leaders that will truly represent them. Tinkering with this ancient practice is preventing the active participation of the demos, and eliminating spontaneity in the democratic process.
Should children select jurors?
In modern society, random jury selection is one of the sole aspects of democracy that is truly spontaneous. Serving on a jury is an integral part of civic duty that all citizens are required to participate in when called upon. Before computer algorithms, children were enlisted to help conduct the selection process, as they were deemed to be pure and fair and entirely impartial. Many might argue that a similar random selection of government officials would raise the risk of bringing uneducated, self-motivated people to power. But is this even a logical assumption when a core piece of democracy, the jury, is entirely random? According to Efimia Karakantza, professor of Ancient Greek literature at the University of Patras, "the worker perhaps knows better how to run public affairs than a prime minister, who is always well protected.” If democracy is to be truly representative of the people, embracing and spreading such acts of spontaneity throughout every level of democratic representation is necessary.
Electoral redistricting and random jury selection are true forms of spontaneity being corroded in modern democracy, as these structures are very different in theory than what is actually put into practice. District redistribution is used as a tool to establish political advantage. Jury selection has become a long winded process where jurors can be excused at any time, for any cause, when the judge sees fit. The pure intent of these structures is drowning in greed, selfishness, and ambition, suffocating in the self-motivations of our political leaders.
Maryn R Jon R