The good news is that you've already done all the hard work. You have written an essay that presents your ideas in exhaustive detail, and you have already written your ideas in a more restrictive voice. The process of adapting an essay into an editorial is one of rewriting, not starting all over again.
Your editorial will be significantly shorter than your essay, so you need to pick and choose only the strongest and most convincing parts of your essay, and focus on making them shorter and clearer. If you have two paragraphs with supporting arguments, you may end up throwing one out entirely. Or you may end up significantly reducing the amount of evidence in your piece.
The main thing you want to be doing when you rewrite an essay into an editorial is shorten and cut down your work into only the best that you have to offer.
Your editorial should be overall around half as long as your essay. You'll see the most difference in the length of your paragraphs. It's pretty common to see essay paragraphs that are 12 or more sentences long, but it's rare to see editorial paragraphs that are more than 4 sentences long (and most are about 3 sentences long). Each paragraph should be a little, self-contained, bite-sized idea. Most editorials are 5-8 paragraphs long, but the paragraphs are all very short.
Your five paragraph essay should have a minimum of six quotations. Your editorial should only have one or two (and those should be shortened, if possible). When you have too many quotations in an editorial, it stops feeling like it was written by one person, and instead it feels like the writer is just asking the reader to make up their own mind. An editorial should be short, and much more focused or forceful, so you want to cut out anything that feels like a stretch, and anything that feels unnecessary. One or two quotations is usually enough.
You can paraphrase more examples (describing the moments in your own words). One of the reasons we're writing the editorial after the essay, is that you've already proven that you have a handle on the text from the six or more quotations in your essay. With that completed, you've already established yourself as someone who knows the book well. That lets you describe moments in your own words, and you can be trusted to get it right.
Unlike an essay, an editorial is not a completely formal style of writing. It's more "business casual" (if you follow the metaphor; where an essay is formal; think what teachers wear to work vs. what a lawyer wears to court). Your writing should be clear and direct, but you can write more like your normal, conversational voice. Specifically:
You can use contractions
You can use personal pronouns
You don't need to stay in the present tense
You should still avoid slang or colloquial language, but you do not need to be as uptight with your language as you do in an essay.
You've already found the quotations and cited them in your five paragraph essay. If you think about articles you may read in newspapers, or on websites: you don't see parenthetical citations there. It's still clear from the sentence where the quotaiton is coming from, the but those quotations aren't followed by citations. You're allowed to skip your citations here because you've already proven that you can do that in your essay.
Your essay starts with an introduction that gets the reader's attention and delivers its main point. That is followed by a body that breaks down the central ideas and supports them with evidence. Finally, your essay closes with a conclusion paragraph that lets the reader know how these ideas matter in real life.
Your editorial does the same thing: grab attention, introduce the ideas, break the ideas down and support them with facts, and then close with something the reader can keep thinking about. Essays and editorials work in similar ways to be readable and influence the opinion of the reader, so your editorial should feel pretty similar to your essay in what it's trying to do.