Analogies
Analogy is just a term that means
"word relationships".
Analogies are sometimes formatted as follows:
[word 1] : [word 2] : : [word 3] : [word 4]
In this analogy format, : reads "is to" and : : reads "as"
This means that
water : liquid : : ice : solid
is read as
water is to liquid as ice is to solid.