Civil War

Civil War (1861–1865) – Industrial-age warfare begins

Minié Balls – Greater range and accuracy than smoothbore muskets.

Railroads – Used to move troops and supplies quickly.
- https://americanexperience.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/How-the-Railroad-Won-the-War.pdf
- https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/virginia-railroads-during-the-civil-war/
- https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/civil-war-innovations/
- https://kidskonnect.com/science/steam-engine/

Telegraph – Allowed real-time communication between distant commanders.
Ironclad Warships – Armored steamships like the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia.
- https://www.nps.gov/articles/battle-of-the-ironclads.htm
- https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/steel-steam
- http://digitalexhibits.wsulibs.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/civilwar/navy/ironclads
- https://www.history.com/articles/when-ironclads-clashed-how-hampton-roads-changed-naval-warfare-forever

Balloons for Aerial Reconnaissance – Early use of air observation.

Submarines – The Confederate Hunley was the first to sink a ship, albeit rudimentary.

Medical Advancements -

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