TDM should include the active management of free drug concentrations in human body fluids using either chromatographic or immunoassay-based methods or on-site solutions (sensors and wearables) for the optimum benefit of each individual patient.

Clinical TDM currently targets various drugs, including anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine phenobarbital, primidone, valproic acid, clonazepam), cardioactive drugs (digoxin, procainamide, quinidine), respiratory-acting drugs (theophylline, caffeine), psychotropic medications (clozapine), mood active drugs (lithium, nortriptyline, doxepin), immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, sirolimus, everolimus), antineoplastic (methotrexate), and anti-infectives (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, vancomycin, piperacillin, cefuroxime, voriconazole, ganciclovir, meropenem, flucloxacillin)