References

Hattori, M., et al. (2011).

"The Cross-Equatorial Northerly Surge over the Maritime Continent and Its Relationship to Precipitation Patterns."

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 89A: 27-47.

62 CENS events in 1999-2009 DJFM: CENS can be categorized into 3 different types after focusing convective activities over Java island.

11 events of CS type: cold surge extending over the equator strong convection localized over Java Sea

20 events of MJO type: related to MJO without cold surge broad moderate convection over Maritime Continent.

16 events of CS-MJO type: related to MJO with cold surge strong broad convection centralized Java island.

Wu, P., et al. (2013).

"The Effects of an Active Phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Extreme Precipitation Event over Western Java Island in January 2013."

Sola 9(0): 79-83.

2013/1/15-18 Jakarta torrential rain (193mm/4days) associated with MJO and cold surge is investigated by using BMKG radars.

Mori, S., et al. (2018).

"Meridional march of diurnal rainfall over Jakarta, Indonesia, observed with a C-band Doppler radar: an overview of the HARIMAU2010 campaign."

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 5(1).

Diurnal rainfall meridional march (DRMM) is investigated.

During MJO suppressed phase, diurnal convection basically migrates northward at 5 m/s from the mountainous area to the coastal area in association with land-sea/mountain-valley breeze circulation.

However during the phase of intensified CENS, diurnal convection migrating northward in nighttime returns back southward at 2 m/s in daytime.

Hattori, M., et al. (2011).

"The Cross-Equatorial Northerly Surge over the Maritime Continent and Its Relationship to Precipitation Patterns."

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 89A: 27-47.

Hattori, M., et al. (2017).

"Impact of the Radiosonde Observations of Cold Surge over the Philippine Sea on the Tropical Region and the Southern Hemisphere in December 2012."

Sola 13(0): 19-24.

Koseki, S., et al. (2013).