An insurer has a contractual agreement which transfers a portion of its risk exposure to another insurer. What type of contractual arrangement is this?
Coinsurance contract
Reciprocity arrangement
Mutuality agreement
Reinsurance contract
Incorrect. The correct answer is "Reinsurance contract". Reinsurance contracts accept a portion of the risk underwritten by another insurer who has contracted for the entire coverage amount.
这题考的是 保险公司如何将部分风险转移给另一家保险公司。
题目:
保险公司有一份合同,将其部分风险转移给另一家保险公司。这是什么类型的合同安排?
Coinsurance contract(共同保险合同)
Reciprocity arrangement(互惠协议)
Mutuality agreement(互助协议)
Reinsurance contract(再保险合同)✅
Reinsurance Contract(再保险合同)✅
保险公司(原保险公司 / ceding company)将其承保的部分风险转移给另一家保险公司(再保险公司 / reinsurer)
再保险公司承担部分赔付责任
主要目的:分散风险、降低单一保单对公司的财务冲击
Coinsurance Contract(共同保险合同)❌
多个保险公司共同承保同一风险
投保人直接与各保险公司签合同,而非原保险公司将风险转移
Reciprocity Arrangement(互惠协议)❌
公司之间互相提供支持,但不是正式再保险
Mutuality Agreement(互助协议)❌
属于互助性质安排,不等同于风险转移合同
✅ 正确答案:Reinsurance Contract(再保险合同)
关键词:保险公司 → 转移部分风险 → 另一保险公司承担 → 分散风险
A business becoming incorporated is an example of risk ____.
transfer
reduction
severance
retention
Incorrect. The correct answer is "transfer". Incorporation of a business is an example of risk transfer.
这题考的是 企业如何通过法律结构转移风险。
题目:
一家企业成立为公司(incorporated)是以下哪种风险管理方法的例子?
Transfer(转移)✅
Reduction(减少)
Severance(隔离/切断)
Retention(自留)
Transfer(风险转移)✅
风险转移指将潜在损失的经济责任转给 第三方
企业通过成立公司(Incorporation):
公司成为 独立法人
股东的个人资产与公司债务分离
如果公司负债,股东仅以其投资额承担责任 → 将部分风险转移给公司实体
其他选项 ❌
Reduction(风险减少) → 采取措施降低发生概率或损失金额,如安全培训
Severance(隔离风险) → 将风险与某个资产或活动隔离
Retention(自留风险) → 企业自己承担风险,没有转移
✅ 正确答案:Transfer(转移)
关键词:成立公司 → 法人独立 → 股东个人风险转移 → 风险转移
Which of these statements is NOT a characteristic of the law of large numbers?
Rates can be calculated to compensate for losses
Losses can be predicted in large groups with a higher degree of accuracy
Individual losses can be predicted based on past experience
Group losses can be predicted based on past experience
Correct. The law of large numbers states that larger groups provide better loss predictions. The higher the exposure, the more likely the event can be predicted.
这题考的是 大数法则(Law of Large Numbers) 的特征。
题目:
下列哪一项 不是大数法则的特点?
Rates can be calculated to compensate for losses(费率可据以赔偿损失)
Losses can be predicted in large groups with a higher degree of accuracy(大群体损失可更准确预测)
Individual losses can be predicted based on past experience(可预测个体损失)✅
Group losses can be predicted based on past experience(可根据过往经验预测群体损失)
Law of Large Numbers(大数法则)
核心思想:样本越大,损失预测越准确
适用于 群体损失预测
帮助保险公司 设定费率、计算风险
特点分析
Rates can be calculated ✅ → 费率可根据群体损失计算
Group losses predictable ✅ → 大群体损失可预测
Individual losses predictable ❌ → 个体损失不可预测,大数法则只适用于总体
Losses in large groups predictable ✅ → 样本越大,预测越准确
✅ 正确答案:Individual losses can be predicted based on past experience
关键词:大数法则 → 只适用于群体 → 个体不可预测
Purchasing insurance is an example of risk
retention
transference
avoidance
sharing
Incorrect. The correct answer is "transference". Purchasing insurance is an example of risk transference.
这题考的是 购买保险属于哪种风险管理方法。
题目:
购买保险是以下哪种风险管理方式的例子?
Retention(自留风险)
Transference(转移风险)✅
Avoidance(规避风险)
Sharing(分担风险)
Transference(风险转移)✅
风险转移指将潜在损失的经济责任转移给 第三方
购买保险时:
投保人支付保费
保险公司承担未来可能发生的损失 → 风险由个人/企业转移给保险公司
其他选项 ❌
Retention(自留风险) → 企业或个人自己承担风险,不购买保险
Avoidance(规避风险) → 完全避免风险发生,例如不投资或不开车
Sharing(分担风险) → 多方共同承担损失,例如互助保险或合作社
✅ 正确答案:Transference(转移风险)
关键词:购买保险 → 支付保费 → 风险转给保险公司
Which of the following is an example of risk avoidance?
A. Buying health insurance
B. Stopping smoking to avoid health issues
C. Installing a sprinkler system in a building
D. Increasing the deductible on an auto policy
A company decides not to buy earthquake insurance and will cover any losses out of pocket if they occur. This is an example of:
A. Risk retention
B. Risk sharing
C. Risk transfer
D. Risk reduction
Installing security cameras in a store is an example of:
A. Risk sharing
B. Risk retention
C. Risk reduction
D. Risk transfer
Health insurance premiums paid by many individuals that help cover the medical costs of those who get sick is an example of:
A. Risk avoidance
B. Risk transfer
C. Risk sharing
D. Risk reduction
Which of the following is the best example of risk transfer?
A. Self-insuring against fire loss
B. Not driving to avoid car accidents
C. Buying auto liability insurance
D. Wearing protective equipment at work
正确答案:B. Stopping smoking to avoid health issues
👉 解析:这是彻底“避免”风险(avoidance),不吸烟就避免了吸烟带来的健康风险。
正确答案:A. Risk retention
👉 解析:公司自己承担地震损失,不转移给保险公司,就是风险自留。
正确答案:C. Risk reduction
👉 解析:安装摄像头降低盗窃发生概率,属于风险降低。
正确答案:C. Risk sharing
👉 解析:健康保险通过“许多人一起交钱”共同分担风险,属于风险分担。
正确答案:C. Buying auto liability insurance
👉 解析:买保险就是最典型的风险转移。
📌 小总结口诀:
避免:不干就没事
自留:自己扛
降低:小点风险
分担:大家一起分
转移:交给保险公司
Which of the following types of risk is insurable?
Physical
Speculative
Pure
Operational
Incorrect. The correct answer is "Pure". Pure risk is insurable.
这题考的是 可保险风险的类型。
题目:
下列哪种风险是 可保险的?
Physical(物理风险)
Speculative(投机性风险)
Pure(纯风险)✅
Operational(操作性风险)
Pure Risk(纯风险)✅
只有两种可能结果:发生损失或没有损失
不可能获利,完全是损失风险
典型例子:死亡、疾病、火灾、盗窃
纯风险通常可投保
Speculative Risk(投机性风险)❌
有三种可能结果:获利、损失、无变化
典型例子:股票投资、赌博
不可保险,因为可能获利
Physical Risk(物理风险)❌
风险来源于物理环境或事件
可能是纯风险,也可能不是,需结合具体情况
Operational Risk(操作性风险)❌
来自企业内部操作失误或流程缺陷
一般通过管理或内部控制降低,不一定可保险
✅ 正确答案:Pure Risk(纯风险)
关键词:只有损失或无损失 → 可保险 → 不可获利
Which of the following can be defined as "the potential for loss"?
Risk
Transference
Hazard
Peril
Incorrect. The correct answer is "Risk". A risk can be described as "the potential for loss"
这题考的是 风险的定义。
题目:
下列哪一项可以定义为 “潜在的损失可能性”?
Risk(风险)✅
Transference(转移风险)
Hazard(危险因素)
Peril(危险事件)
Risk(风险)✅
定义:潜在损失的可能性
例如:开车可能发生车祸 → 存在财产损失或人身损失的风险
Transference(风险转移)❌
风险管理方法,将风险转给第三方(如购买保险)
Hazard(危险因素)❌
增加风险发生可能性的条件或行为
例如:湿滑路面增加车祸发生的概率
Peril(危险事件)❌
风险实际发生的事件
例如:车祸、火灾、盗窃
✅ 正确答案:Risk(风险)
关键词:潜在损失可能性 → 风险 = 损失的可能性
Which of the following describes the act of insuring a risk against possible loss?
Risk transfer
Loss management
Hazard reduction
Risk avoidance
Incorrect. The correct answer is "Risk transfer". Insuring a risk against possible loss is an example of risk transfer.
这题考的是 保险的本质属于哪种风险管理方式。
题目:
下列哪一项描述了 通过保险将风险转移以应对可能损失的行为?
Risk transfer(风险转移)✅
Loss management(损失管理)
Hazard reduction(危险因素减少)
Risk avoidance(风险规避)
Risk Transfer(风险转移)✅
核心思想:将风险的经济后果转移给第三方
购买保险就是典型例子:
投保人支付保费 → 保险公司承担可能的损失
实质:风险仍然存在,但经济损失由保险公司承担
其他选项 ❌
Loss Management(损失管理) → 通过控制、预防或赔付安排降低损失影响
Hazard Reduction(危险因素减少) → 降低风险发生概率,例如安装防火设备
Risk Avoidance(风险规避) → 完全避免风险,例如不投资、不开车
✅ 正确答案:Risk Transfer(风险转移)
关键词:保险 = 风险转移 → 支付保费 → 损失由保险公司承担
Which of these statements regarding insurance is false?
As the number of insured units increases, the number of losses decreases
Pure risk can be insured
One way insurers deal with catastrophic loss is through reinsurance
Speculative risk cannot be insured
Incorrect. The correct answer is "As the number of insured units increases, the number of losses decreases". All of these statements are true EXCEPT "As the number of insured units increases, the number of losses decreases".
这题考的是 保险基本原理,尤其是 大数法则与可保险风险。
题目:
下列关于保险的哪一项 是错误的?
As the number of insured units increases, the number of losses decreases(随着投保单位增多,损失数量减少)❌
Pure risk can be insured(纯风险可投保)✅
One way insurers deal with catastrophic loss is through reinsurance(应对灾难性损失的方法之一是再保险)✅
Speculative risk cannot be insured(投机性风险不可投保)✅
错误选项:损失数量会减少 ❌
大数法则只保证 损失预测更准确,并不意味着损失数量会减少
随着投保单位增多:损失总额可能增加,但统计预测更可靠
Pure risk can be insured ✅
纯风险只有损失或无损失 → 可投保
Reinsurance deals with catastrophic loss ✅
再保险分散大额或灾难性损失 → 合法且常用
Speculative risk cannot be insured ✅
投机性风险可能获利 → 不可投保
✅ 正确答案:As the number of insured units increases, the number of losses decreases
关键词:大数法则 → 预测更准确,不是减少损失
According to the law of large numbers, how would losses be affected if the number of similar insured units increases?
Ability to predict losses decreases
Predictability of losses will be improved
No effect on predicting losses
The higher the exposure, the higher the cost of each loss
Correct. Based on the law of large numbers, as the number of similar insured units increases, predictability of losses improves.
这题考的是 大数法则(Law of Large Numbers) 的应用。
题目:
根据大数法则,如果类似的投保单位数量增加,损失会如何变化?
Ability to predict losses decreases(损失预测能力下降)
Predictability of losses will be improved(损失预测能力提高)✅
No effect on predicting losses(对损失预测无影响)
The higher the exposure, the higher the cost of each loss(风险暴露越高,每次损失成本越高)
Law of Large Numbers(大数法则)✅
核心思想:样本越大,实际损失越接近预期损失
损失预测 更准确 → 帮助保险公司合理设定保费
选项分析
Ability to predict losses decreases ❌ → 样本大,预测不下降
No effect on predicting losses ❌ → 样本增大,预测精度提高
Higher exposure → higher cost ❌ → 与大数法则无直接关系
✅ 正确答案:Predictability of losses will be improved(损失预测能力提高)
关键词:投保单位越多 → 损失预测越准确 → 有利于设定费率和分散风险