The stated amount or percent of liquid assets that an insurer must have on hand that will satisfy future obligations to its policyholders is called:
surplus
reserves
credits
retention
Correct. The stated amount or percent of liquid assets that an insurer must have on hand that will satisfy future obligations to its policyholders is called reserves.
Reserves(准备金)
是保险公司必须保留的流动资产金额或比例,用于支付未来的保单赔付和其他责任。
作用:确保公司在发生理赔时有足够资金,保障投保人利益。
例子:人寿保险公司为所有在保寿险保单预留一定资金,用于将来支付死亡赔偿。
Surplus(盈余/净资产)
指公司总资产减去总负债后的净值,是公司资本状况的一部分,而不是专门用于支付理赔的资金。
Credits(贷方/记账项)
会计术语,不等同于保险准备金。
Retention(自留风险)
指保险公司自己承担风险,而不是转给再保险公司,也不是资金准备金。
An insurance applicant MUST be informed of an investigation regarding his/her reputation and character according to the:
Fair Labor Standards Board
Fair Credit Reporting Act
State Guaranty Association
National Association of Insurance Commissioners
Incorrect. The correct answer is "Fair Credit Reporting Act". The Fair Credit Reporting Act is a Federal law requiring an individual to be informed if that individual is being investigated by an inspection company.
Fair Credit Reporting Act(FCRA)
联邦法律,要求如果个人的 信誉、性格或信用记录 被第三方调查公司(inspection company / credit bureau)调查,必须通知该个人。
在保险领域,这通常用于 承保前的背景调查,比如申请人的信用、职业背景、理赔历史等。
其他选项解析:
Fair Labor Standards Board(公平劳动标准委员会):涉及工资、加班和劳动法,不管保险调查。
State Guaranty Association(州保险保障协会):保障公司破产后赔付,不涉及申请人调查。
National Association of Insurance Commissioners(NAIC,全国保险监管官协会):制定行业指导和标准,但不是联邦法律,不直接要求通知个人调查。
📌 一句话总结:
任何保险申请人在其信誉或背景被第三方调查时,根据 FCRA 法律必须被告知。
What is the name of the law that requires insurers to disclose information gathering practices and where the information was obtained?
National Association of Insurance Commissioners
Fair Credit Reporting Act
Fair Labor Standards Board
State Guaranty Association
The correct answer is "Fair Credit Reporting Act". The Fair Credit Reporting Act is a Federal law requiring an individual to be informed if that individual is being investigated by an inspection company.
Fair Credit Reporting Act(FCRA)
联邦法律,要求 保险公司或第三方调查公司在收集个人信息时必须披露信息收集做法,包括:
信息来源(where the information was obtained)
调查的目的
调查对个人可能产生的影响
在保险领域,这主要涉及 承保前对申请人的信誉、信用、背景或性格调查。
同时,如果调查会影响到投保结果,申请人必须被通知并有机会纠正错误信息。
其他选项解析:
National Association of Insurance Commissioners(NAIC):制定行业标准,不是法律。
Fair Labor Standards Board(FLSB):劳动法相关,不涉及保险信息披露。
State Guaranty Association(州保险保障协会):保障保险公司破产赔付,不涉及调查披露。
📌 一句话总结:
FCRA 要求保险公司在收集和使用个人信息时必须透明告知申请人信息来源和用途。
What type of reinsurance contract involves two companies automatically sharing their risk exposure?
Arbitrage
Excess
Treaty
Facultative
The correct answer is "Treaty". Under treaty reinsurance, each party automatically accepts specific percentages of the insurer's business.
Treaty Reinsurance(协定再保险)
两家保险公司签订协议,自动分摊风险,通常按一定比例或类别分配业务。
优点:承保效率高,风险分散稳定,不需要每一单业务单独协商。
例子:一家财产保险公司把每年承保的火灾险的 50% 自动转给再保险公司,无需单独审批每份保单。
Facultative Reinsurance(分保)
对每一单保单单独协商是否再保险,不是自动的。
例子:一份大型商业建筑保险,由保险公司和再保险公司单独谈判是否承保。
Excess(超额再保险)
只在损失超过某个金额时才启动赔付。
例子:保险公司自留 $1,000,000 以内的损失,超过部分由再保险公司赔。
Arbitrage(套利)
不属于再保险类型,通常指金融市场的价差交易。
📌 一句话总结:
Treaty Reinsurance = 自动分摊风险,Facultative = 单独协商每单保单
Which of these describe a participating insurance policy?
Policyowners are entitled to receive dividends
Stock companies allow their policyowners to share in any company earnings
Policyowners are not entitled to vote for members of the board of directors
Policyowners pay assessments for company losses
The correct answer is "Policyowners are entitled to receive dividends". A participating life policy is one in which the policyowner receives dividends deriving from the company's divisible surplus.
Participating Policy(分红型保险)
保单持有人(policyowner)有权分享保险公司的盈余(divisible surplus),通常以 年度分红 的形式发放。
这类保单一般由 互助保险公司(mutual company) 发行,或者是允许分红的寿险产品。
其他选项解析:
Stock companies allow their policyowners to share in any company earnings → 错误,股票公司盈利主要归股东,不一定分给保单持有人。
Policyowners are not entitled to vote for members of the board of directors → 错误,互助公司中保单持有人可能有投票权选董事,但这不是分红型保险的定义。
Policyowners pay assessments for company losses → 错误,这通常与互助型特殊机制相关,不是标准分红型保单特征。
📌 一句话记忆:
Participating = 分红型 = 保单持有人能拿到公司盈余分红。