POLIOVIRUS

Poliovius ,the causative agent of poliomyelitis, has caused disease in humans for centuries.Polio was first recognized in 1789.It primarily targets children ,with paralysis being the tragic result in many cases. The disturbing images of crippled children and individuals in iron lungs in the early part of the twentieth century prompted the development of a vaccine in the 1950s .Currently the vaccine is being used to eradicate the disease worldwide .This attempt has been largely successful , but pockets of disease still remain in certain developing countries.The biology of poliovirus has been intensely studied for decades.It attaches to a cell surface molecules called human PV receptor . Current evidence suggests that the nucleocaspid enters the host cell ,but the mechanism by it does so has not been determined .

The translation of the poliovirus genome yields a a large protein called a polyprotein .The polyprotein has a protease activity and cleaves itself into three smaller proteins .

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