What is recombinant protein

Recombinant protein is a protein that whose code is carried by a recombinant DNA. The term recombinant DNA means that two segments of DNA in a plasmid. Plasmids are those which generally occur in bacteria. Once a recombinant DNA is inserted into bacteria, these bacteria will make protein based on this recombinant DNA. This protein is known as "Recombinant protein". Now-a-days, the utilization of bacteria for producing recombinant protein is very advanced.

Cytokines

Cytokines/immunocytokines, were initially used to separate the immunomodulatory proteins, also called immunotransmitters, from other growth factors that modulate proliferation and bioactivities of non-immune cells. Some cytokines are produced by a rather limited number of different cell types while others are produced by almost the entire spectrum of known cell types.

Flt3 Ligand, Follistatin, Hedgehog Protein, Interferon, Interleukin, lif - Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Otoraplin, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Uteroglobin, Visfatin, Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Resistin, Serum, Amyloid A, TPO, Trefoil Factor, TSLP, Cardiotrophin, CTLA4, EBI3, Endoglin, Epiregulin, FAS, Beta Defensin, Betacellulin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein, BST, B type Natriuretic Peptide, Adiponectin, AITRL, AIF1,, Angiopoietin, Apolipoprotein, B-Cell Activating Factor.

Growth Factors

Growth Factor is a protein molecule made by the body; it functions to regulate cell division & cell survival. Growth factors can also be produced by genetic engineering in the laboratory and used in biological therapy. Growth factors bind to receptors on the cell surface, with the result of activating cellular proliferation and/or differentiation. Growth factors are quite versatile, stimulating cellular division in numerous different cell types; while others are specific to a particular cell-type. Growth factors are proteins that promote cell growth.

Activin, CSF, CTGF, EGF, Epigen, Erythropoietin, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Galectin, Growth Hormone, HDGF, hgf - Hepatocyte Growth Factor, IGFBP, Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Insulin, kgf - Keratinocyte Growth Factor, Leptin, Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor, Melanoma Inhibitory Activity, Myostatin, Noggin, NOV, Omentin, Oncostatin-M, Osteopontin, OPG, PDGF, Periostin, Placental Growth Factor, Placental Lactogen, Prolactin, RANK Ligand, Retinol Binding Protein, Stem Cell Factor ,Transforming Growth Factor, VEGF, Other Growth Factors.

Chemokines

Chemokines molecular weight ranges from 8 kDa to10 kDa and show 20%-50 % sequence homology among each other at the protein level. Chemokines share common gene & tertiary structure. Chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation.

BCA-1/ BLC (CXCL13), BRAK (CXCL14), C-10 (CCL6), CTACK (CCL27), CXCL16, CXCL17, ENA-78 (CXCL5), Eotaxin (CCL11,24,26), Exodus-2 (CCL21), Fractalkine (CX3CL1), GRO (CXCL1,2,3), HCC-1 (CCL14), I-309 (CCL1), Interleukin -8 (CXCL8), IP-10 (CXCL10), I-TAC (CXCL11), LD78-beta (CCL3L1), Lymphotactin (XCL1), MCP (CCL2, 7,8,12,13), MDC (CCL22), MEC (CCL28), MIG (CXCL9), MIP (CCL3,4,9,15), NAP-2 (CXCL7), Platelet Factor-4, (CXCL4), Rantes (CCL5), SDF (CXCL12), TARC (CCL17), Thymus Expressed Chemokine (CCL25)

CD Antigens

Cell surface antigens of leukocytes are called CD antigens, and important for immune reactions of organisms. As lymphocytes mature, they express different protein receptors on the cell surface, which can aid in determining the type and maturation stage of the cells being examined. These proteins or antigen markers are called Clusters of Differentiation.

CD1, CD14, CD2, CD200, CD204, CD207, CD226, CD244, CD27, CD23, CD274, CD247,, CD3, CD33, CD300, CD34, CD36, CD4, and Other CD Antigens.

Neurotrophins

Neurotrophins are proteins with closely related structures that are known to support the survival of different classes of embryonic neurons. Neurotrophins is a generic term that describes a number of neurotrophic factors enhancing neuronal differentiation, inducing proliferation, influencing synaptic functions, and promoting the survival of neurons that are normally destined to die during different phases of the development of the central and peripheral nervous system.

BDNF, Beta-NGF, CDNF, CNTF, GDNF, Glia Maturation Factor, MANF, Midkine, Neuregulin, Neuropilin, Neurotrophic factors, Neuritin, Persephin, Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor, Pleiotrophin.

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