Research
Dr. Weijie Guo's interests lie in the interface between chemical biology and cell biology. In general, he is interested in understanding the biological facts of non-coding nucleic acids and the development of functional nucleic acid tools for biological applications.
Research Experience
Investigating Hematopoiesis in Embryonic Stem Cells and HSCs Maintaining ex vivo
Undergraduate research assistant, Stem cell and Regeneration Laboratory-Peking University July,2015-Aug. 2018
Supervisor: Prof. Hongkui Deng, Dr. Chengyan Wang
Development of a chemical screening approach to generate Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) ex vivo. Based on cytokine combination, used signaling pathways modulators and niche feeder co-culture to control cell fate and differentiation from embryonic stem cells to HSCs.
Expansion of functional HSCs from primary cord blood. Identified an inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway, can enhance the self-renewal of cord blood HSCs with full function repopulating circulating blood.
Composition of Microbiota in Colonized and Sterile Organ Transplantation
Summer research assistant, The University of Chicago June-Aug. 2017
Supervisor: Prof. Maria-Luisa Alegre
Investigated the effects of antibiotic treatment initiated following skin transplantation in a minor histocompatibility antigen mismatched mouse model to determine if reducing microbial diversity after transplantation can prolong graft survival in a similar manner as reducing microbial diversity prior to skin transplantation.
Explored the manipulation of microbiota could influence the outcome of a heart transplant. We found a microbiota-abdomen-heart chemical communication axis revealing the change of microbiota modulates the permeability of the intestine and then influences heart rejection.
Biological metal ion sensor development and glycan-nucleic acids exploration
Graduate research assistant, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and University of Texas at Austin Aug. 2018-present
Supervisor: Prof. Yi Lu
Development of DNAzyme-based metal ion biosensors for cellular metal ion investigation.
Cell engineering with functional DNAs (DNAzyme and aptamer) to modulate cell-cell interactions and strengthen neutrophils' antimicrobial/antiviral functions.
Development of the first glycoRNA-specific imaging system by aptamer and in situ hybridization mediated proximity ligation assay (ARPLA)
Publications
Full publication list can be accessed through Google Scholar or ORCID.
2024
Nature Communications
Rectifying artificial nanochannels with multiple interconvertible permeability states
Ruocan Qian, Mansha Wu, Zhenglin Yang, Yuting Wu, Weijie Guo, Zerui Zhou, Xiaoyuan Wang, Dawei Li & Yi Lu
Transmembrane channels play a vital role in regulating the permeation process, and have inspired recent development of biomimetic channels. Herein, we report a class of artificial biomimetic nanochannels based on DNAzyme-functionalized glass nanopipettes to realize delicate control of channel permeability, whereby the surface wettability and charge can be tuned by metal ions and DNAzyme-substrates, allowing reversible conversion between different permeability states. We demonstrate that the nanochannels can be reversibly switched between four different permeability states showing distinct permeability to various functional molecules. By embedding the artificial nanochannels into the plasma membrane of single living cells, we achieve selective transport of dye molecules across the cell membrane. Finally, we report on the advanced functions including gene silencing of miR-21 in single cancer cells and selective transport of Ca2+ into single PC-12 cells. In this work, we provide a versatile tool for the design of rectifying artificial nanochannels with on-demand functions.
Book Chapter: DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epub/10.1002/9783527840816
Chapter: Metal-Dependent DNAzymes for Cell Surface Engineering and Intracellular Bioimaging
Ruo-Can Qian, Yuting Wu, Zhenglin Yang, Weijie Guo, Ze-Rui Zhou, Yi Lu
Technologies that may visualize and control cell responses are in increasing demand, among which cell surface engineering and intracellular bioimaging are the most impactful directions. Both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments are highly heterogeneous, in which different types of proteins, glycans, lipid molecules, genetic molecules, inorganic molecules, and metal ions are present. Similar to protein enzymes, most DNAzymes exhibit enzymatic activity in the presence of specific metal ions. DNAzymes appear to be a good choice for the manipulation and bioimaging of living cells. By modifying cell surfaces and intracellular mitochondria with engineered DNAzyme molecular machines, both inter- and intra-cellular regulations with programmable selectivity can be achieved. Amplification techniques, such as catalytic and molecular beacons or DNA walkers, which utilize the enzymatic turn-over property of DNAzyme, and catalytic hairpin assembly were used for amplifying the signals and lowering the detection limit of DNAzyme sensors.
2023
Nature Biotechnology
Spatial imaging of glycoRNA in single cells with ARPLA
Yuan Ma#, Weijie Guo#, Quanbing Mou, Xiangli Shao, Mingkuan Lyu, Valeria Garcia, Linggen Kong, Whitney Lewis, Carson Ward, Zhenglin Yang, Xingxin Pan, S. Stephen Yi & Yi Lu *
(#contributed equally)
Little is known about the biological roles of glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs), a recently discovered class of glycosylated molecules, because of a lack of visualization methods. We report sialic acid aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated proximity ligation assay (ARPLA) to visualize glycoRNAs in single cells with high sensitivity and selectivity. The signal output of ARPLA occurs only when dual recognition of a glycan and an RNA triggers in situ ligation, followed by rolling circle amplification of a complementary DNA, which generates a fluorescent signal by binding fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides. Using ARPLA, we detect spatial distributions of glycoRNAs on the cell surface and their colocalization with lipid rafts as well as the intracellular trafficking of glycoRNAs through SNARE protein-mediated secretory exocytosis. Studies in breast cell lines suggest that surface glycoRNA is inversely associated with tumor malignancy and metastasis. Investigation of the relationship between glycoRNAs and monocyte–endothelial cell interactions suggests that glycoRNAs may mediate cell–cell interactions during the immune response.
Sci. Adv.9, eade7622(2023).
Simultaneous Fe2+/3+ imaging shows Fe3+ over Fe2+ enrichment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse brain
Yuting Wu#, Seyed-Fakhreddin Torabi#, Ryan J. Lake#, Shanni Hong, Zhengxin Yu, Peiwen Wu, Zhenglin Yang, Kevin Nelson, Weijie Guo, Gregory T. Pawel, Jacqueline Van Stappen, Xiangli Shao, Liviu M. Mirica, Yi Lu*
Visualizing redox-active metal ions, such as Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, are essential for understanding their roles in biological processes and human diseases. Despite the development of imaging probes and techniques, imaging both Fe2+ and Fe3+ simultaneously in living cells with high selectivity and sensitivity has not been reported. Here, we selected and developed DNAzyme-based fluorescent turn-on sensors that are selective for either Fe2+ or Fe3+, revealing a decreased Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio during ferroptosis and an increased Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio in Alzheimer’s disease mouse brain. The elevated Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio was mainly observed in amyloid plaque regions, suggesting a correlation between amyloid plaques and the accumulation of Fe3+ and/or conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+. Our sensors can provide deep insights into the biological roles of labile iron redox cycling.
2022
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61.49 (2022): e202210935.
Combination Cancer Treatment: Using Engineered DNAzyme Molecular Machines for Dynamic Inter- and Intracellular Regulation
Dr. Ruo-Can Qian *, Ze-Rui Zhou, Yuting Wu, Zhenglin Yang, Weijie Guo, Prof. Da-Wei Li, Prof. Yi Lu*
Despite the promise of combination cancer therapy, it remains challenging to develop targeted strategies that are nontoxic to normal cells. Here we report a combination therapeutic strategy based on engineered DNAzyme molecular machines that can promote cancer apoptosis via dynamic inter- and intracellular regulation.
Science Advances 8.26 (2022): eabo0902
Efficient delivery of a DNA aptamer-based biosensor into plant cells for glucose sensing through thiol-mediated uptake
Quanbing Mou, Xueyi Xue, Yuan Ma, Mandira Banik, Valeria Garcia, Weijie Guo, Jiang Wang, Tingjie Song, Li-Qing Chen, Yi Lu*
We reported a thiol-mediated uptake method that more efficiently delivers DNA into Arabidopsis and tobacco leaf cells than another state-of-the-art method, DNA nanostructures. Such a method allowed efficient delivery of a glucose DNA aptamer sensor into Arabidopsis for sensing glucose. This demonstration opens a new avenue to apply DNA aptamer sensors for functional studies of various targets, including metabolites, plant hormones, metal ions, and proteins in plants for a better understanding of the biodistribution and regulation of these species and their functions.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 144.13 (2022): 5812-5819.
Noninvasive and Spatiotemporal Control of DNAzyme-Based Imaging of Metal Ions In Vivo Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Xiaojing Wang, Gun Kim, James L Chu, Tingjie Song, Zhenglin Yang, Weijie Guo, Xiangli Shao, Michael L Oelze, King C Li*, Yi Lu*
Detecting metal ions in vivo with a high spatiotemporal resolution is critical to understanding the roles of the metal ions in both healthy and disease states. We reported the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to remotely deliver on-demand, spatiotemporally resolved thermal energy to activate the DNAzyme sensors at the targeted region both in vitro and in vivo. The current method can be applied to monitor many other metal ions for in vivo imaging and medical diagnosis using metal-specific DNAzymes that have either been obtained or can be selected using in vitro selection.
Chemical Science 13.43 (2022): 12818-12830.
Amphiphilic stilbene derivatives attenuate the neurotoxicity of soluble Aβ42 oligomers by controlling their interactions with cell membranes
Zhengxin Yu, Weijie Guo, Shrey Patel, Hong-Jun Cho, Liang Sun, Liviu M Mirica*
The misfolded proteins or polypeptides commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are promising drug targets for developing therapeutic agents. To target the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide plaques and oligomers, we have developed twelve amphiphilic small molecules with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments. These amphiphilic compounds can label the Aβ species in the brain sections of transgenic AD mice. ZY-15-MT and ZY-15-OMe, can disrupt the interactions between Aβ oligomers and cell membranes. Overall, these studies strongly suggest that developing compounds with amphiphilic properties that target Aβ oligomers and modulate the Aβ oligomer–cell membrane interactions can be an effective strategy for the development of small molecule AD therapeutics.
2021
ACS Central Science 7.11 (2021): 1809-1820.
DNAzyme-Based Lithium-Selective Imaging Reveals Higher Lithium Accumulation in Bipolar Disorder Patient-Derived Neurons
Claire E McGhee#, Zhenglin Yang#, Weijie Guo#, Yuting Wu, Mingkuan Lyu, Cynthia J DeLong, Shanni Hong, Yuan Ma, Melvin G McInnis, K Sue O’Shea, Yi Lu*
(#contributed equally)
Lithium has been a drug for bipolar disorders (BD) for over 70 years; however, its usage has been limited by its narrow therapeutic window (between 0.6 and 1.2 mM). Understanding the cellular distribution of lithium ions (Li+) in patient cells will offer deep insight into this limitation, but selective imaging of Li+ in living cells under biomedically relevant concentration ranges has not been achieved. Herein, we report in vitro selection and development of a Li+-specific DNAzyme fluorescent sensor with >100-fold selectivity over other biorelevant metal ions. This sensor allows comparative Li+ visualization in HeLa cells, human neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), and neurons derived from BD patients and healthy controls. Strikingly, we detected enhanced accumulation of Li+ in cells derived from BD patients compared with healthy controls in differentiated neurons but not NPCs. These results establish the DNAzyme-based sensor as a novel platform for biomedical research into BD and related areas using lithium drugs.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 143.15 (2021): 5737-5744.
Cell Surface Engineering Using DNAzymes: Metal Ion Mediated Control of Cell–Cell Interactions
Ruo-Can Qian*, Ze-Rui Zhou, Weijie Guo, Yuting Wu, Zhenglin Yang, Yi Lu*
Regulating cell–cell interactions and cell behaviors via cell surface engineering is of significance for biological research. While extensive efforts have been made to induce cell–cell assembly, controllable cell–cell interactions that include both assembly and disassembly triggered by metal ions remain a challenge. Herein, we report a strategy based on DNAzymes to realize controllable cell–cell interactions, triggered by metal ions. The metal-dependent DNAzyme-based cleavage can effectively manipulate cell behaviors, including cell–cell conjunctions and disaggregation. Moreover, the method has been applied to control the assembly and disassembly between two cell spheroids. This method can be readily applied to construct cell dynamic systems controlled by other metal ions, providing a smart and versatile platform to regulate dynamic cell behavior.
2019
Cell discovery 5.1 (2019): 2.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-018-0072-8
Targeting JNK pathway promotes human hematopoietic stem cell expansion
Xiong Xiao#, Weifeng Lai#, Huangfan Xie#, Yang Liu, Weijie Guo, Yifang Liu, Yu Li, Yuanjun Li, Jingliang Zhang, Wenhan Chen, Minhui Shi, Lijun Shang, Ming Yin, Chengyan Wang*, Hongkui Deng*
The limited number of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has restrained their widespread clinical application. Despite great efforts in recent years, the in vitro expansion of HSCs remains a challenge due to incomplete understanding of the signaling networks underlying HSC self-renewal. Here, we show that culturing human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells with JNK-IN-8, an inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway, can enhance the self-renewal of HSCs with a 3.88-fold increase in cell number. These cultured CD34+ cells repopulated recipient mice for 21 weeks and can form secondary engraftment that lasted for more than 21 weeks. Knockdown of c-Jun, a major downstream target in the JNK pathway, promoted the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our findings demonstrate a critical role of the JNK pathway in regulating HSC expansion, provide new insights into HSC self-renewal mechanism, and may lead to improved clinical application of HSCs.